How to use polymerase in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Acyclovir, an acyclic guanosine analog, binds viral DNA polymerase, acting as a chain terminator and ending replication. We therefore predict that analogs of interacting molecules with the prokaryotic core polymerase enzymes may exist in eukaryotic cells. The DNA polymerase enzymes can add nucleotides only to the end of an existing nucleotide chain. Nonpolar nucleoside isosteres have proven broadly useful in the study of DNA replication by a wide variety of polymerase enzymes. The specialized techniques such as immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction are also used with slightly more promising results. It is possible that most polymerase slippage events occur when the mitochondrial polymerase stalls at a misincorporated base. To allow for the next round of transcription initiation RNA polymerase has to translocate about 60 base pairs. However, the agent little affected the hemagglutination and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities of these viruses in vitro. Subsequently, recombination was also shown to be stimulated by RNA polymerase II-driven transcription. A protein binding to the promoter region could cause steric occlusion and prevent RNA polymerase from initiating transcription. The RNA polymerase binds to DNA with the help of other proteins called transcription factors. Such a structural change in the initiation complex can result from direct contacts between the transcription factor and RNA polymerase. The y gene region was subsequently amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Our editorial did not state that we perform or advocate reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in blood. The major advance in ancient DNA analysis was the development of the polymerase chain reaction. The vectors were linearized and transcribed with a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These results are in keeping with our analysis of the polymerase and DNA binding assay for this mutant. According to the RNA polymerase partition model two interconvertible populations of RNA polymerase exist in the cell. Among the considered enzyme types, nuclease and polymerase enzymes will retain strong growth during the forecast period. To address the foregoing question, we applied the arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction technique. Show More Sentences The primase utilizes the DNA strands as templates and synthesizes a short stretch of RNA generating a primer for DNA polymerase. Processivity is defined as the number of deoxyribonucleotides incorporated each time a DNA polymerase binds its template-primer. During its path along the template, RNA polymerase may encounter positions where it hesitates and pauses for a variable period of time. Infection is diagnosed more accurately by serum antibody tests or molecular polymerase chain reactions. The researchers have also used an enzyme called polymerase to make exact copies of the DNA strands in a test tube. Genotypes were obtained by automated sizing of fluorescently tagged polymerase chain reaction amplification products. Presence of oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18 DNA was done by polymerase chain reaction. Genes were amplified from genomic yeast DNA using specific oligonucleotides and the polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed gene mutations in patients who died of thrombotic events, using multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification. The growing RNA chain still attached to the polymerase is a target for translating ribosomes or polyribosomes which are engaged in the synthesis of proteins. Thus, two of the polymerase mutants are modest spontaneous mutators for some point mutations in yeast strains that are proficient in DNA mismatch repair. The first step involves using a device called a polymerase chain reaction instrument to measure the levels of an organism's cytokines when exposed to a given material. It is known that solubilization can and does alter the susceptibility of the two main eukaryotic nuclear polymerase enzymes, both to stimulation by ionic strength. Viral deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from the infected tissue and amplified using a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction. Molecular assays, such as polymerase chain reaction, may be available as a research or adjunctive diagnostic tool. Cool it, letting the polymerase enzymes latch on to the dodo's DNA and build copies of it. The polymerization of ribonucleotides during transcription is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Keep DNA samples, PCR Reagent, and Taq polymerase on ice or in a cold block. In order to achieve valid PCR results, correct sample preparation is necessary to eliminate substances inhibiting the Taq polymerase enzyme. Remove the needed Primer Plates or plate sections, Taq polymerase, and sufficient PCR Reagent from the freezer and thaw at room temperature. Show More Sentences However, Most of these cases was reported in the 1990s, used the polymerase chain reaction technique, and only examined gnathic tumors. La probably is a transcription termination factor for RNA polymerase III and is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. Specifically, it interacts with bacterial RNA polymerase, but does not inhibit the mammalian enzyme. Use of lanthanum or scandium ion to amplify nucleic acid polymerase activity and optionally also to inhibit nuclease activity. Acyclovir triphosphate is both an inhibitor of, and a substrate for, herpesvirus-specified DNA polymerase. However, in all cases, acyclovir-TP was a better inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerase than of the cellular DNA polymerase. Similarly, if the DNA polymerase is altered then it may not be able to utilize the activated acyclovir. As well, some chemistry work will be initiated on a series of novel HCV polymerase inhibitors. The polymerase chain reaction assay, branched DNA assay and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay quantitate human immunodeficiency virus RNA levels. A polymerase chain reaction analysis for simian virus 40 DNA was negative. The DNA samples were denatured after irradiation, a primer was annealed to one of the strands, and a complementary strand was constructed using a polymerase enzyme. This problem was solved in 1987 with the discovery of a heat-stable DNA polymerase called Taq, an enzyme isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which inhabits hot springs. Poxviruses replicate in the host cytoplasm using a processive polymerase composed of several viral proteins. Detection and identification of avian mycoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Mutations in the UL54 DNA polymerase gene have been associated with resistance to the medications ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. The gene for the leusine transfer RNA from the chloroplast genome was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs tested positive for influenza A virus H5N8 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Complete genomes of Aravan, Khujand, Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses, with special attention to the polymerase gene and non-coding regions. The drugs that investigators tested target an RNA-snipping enzyme called an endonuclease that is a key subunit of the polymerase complex. Substrate modified by DNA polymerase serves as a target for a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Show More Sentences A polymerase chain reaction enzyme, PrimeSTAR Max DNA Polymerase has increased DNA amplification efficiency. Optimization of differential display polymerase chain reaction as a bioindicator for the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Keep Taq polymerase and the 2X PCR Reagent on ice or a cold block. Prevalence of high risk genital papillomaviruses in the Belgian female population determined by fast multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Cetus filed patents on both Taq polymerase and PCR and, in the 1990s, sold the rights to both to the Swiss pharmaceutical company Hoffman-LaRoche. Taq Polymerase Tolerance Validation: These studies determined the tolerance of the mutation assays to variations in the level of Taq polymerase, a potential source of user variation since this reagent is added by the user. Nested polymerase chain reaction VZV DNA results were negative both in the personal air samples and in saliva. Our scientists are actively exploring a number of HCV targets, including but not limited to, HCV protease and HCV RNA polymerase, in their efforts to identify specific antiviral therapies for the treatment of this disease. The polymerase sub-segments are high-fidelity DNA polymerase, T4 DNA polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase, and other polymerases. An T7 RNA polymerase, said T7 RNA polymerase being mutated at least in that it has a serine to proline amino acid change on position 633 of the amino acid sequence of said T7 RNA polymerase. This third mechanism of resistance involving herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase is due to the selection of mutants encoding an altered enzyme, which is resistant to inactivation by acyclovir triphosphate. Identification of blood meals in hematophagous diptera by polymerase chain reaction amplification and heteroduplex analysis. If the Clearview Chlamydia MF result is negative and clinical symptoms persist additional follow-up testing is recommended e.g. using polymerase or ligase chain reaction. In 1959, Arthur Kornberg was awarded a Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of DNA polymerase, an enzyme needed to synthesize the master molecule of heredity. Only 1 TOSV-positive pool was observed with primers specific to TOSV polymerase and N genes, respectively. The increased accuracy is due to breakthrough sequencing chemistry, including a new DNA polymerase that decreases indel errors. Structural insight into processive human mitochondrial DNA synthesis and disease-related polymerase mutations. The approach is based on eavesdropping on a single DNA polymerase molecule working in a continuous, processive manner. Cutting-edge fish and amphibian gene microarrays, confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, will be used to do rapid assessment of gene expression. That done, stitching the blocks together into a new genome would be easy. An alternative would be to copy each of the desired genes from wild M. genitalium, using an enzyme called DNA polymerase. Show More Sentences Rectal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from each patient, and the samples were testing using both culture and polymerase chain reaction. A combination of the thymidine kinase specificity, inhibition of DNA polymerase and premature termination of DNA synthesis results in inhibition of herpesvirus replication. Ambrilia's antiviral portfolio is comprised of small molecules and peptides with activity against HIV integrase, HIV entry, HCV polymerase and HCV entry. The molecular analysis should include obtaining the CGG repeat number through both polymerase chain reaction assay and Southern blot assay. Using polymerase chain reaction and other techniques, Haase's team horned in on T-cells that had migrated to the lymph nodes. Rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. In transcription, the codons of a gene are copied into messenger RNA by RNA polymerase. Here, the two strands are separated and then each strand's complementary DNA sequence is recreated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. Here, the polymerase recognizes the occasional mistakes in the synthesis reaction by the lack of base pairing between the mismatched nucleotides. Telomerase is an unusual polymerase because it contains its own RNA template as part of its structure. To begin transcribing a gene, the RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called a promoter and separates the DNA strands. The replisome machinery is formed by DNA polymerase, TWINKLE and mitochondrial SSB proteins. The thymidine-labeled uptake was unaffected by progestogenic treatment and the DNA polymerase activity was not correlated with the PR expression. Taq polymerase lacks a proofreading activity and as a result is unable to correct its errors. They evaluated water quality using a modified version of the polymerase chain reaction method to quantify indicator bacteria in water samples. Human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was amplified as a control for the polymerase chain reaction. Detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The DNA polymerase recognizes the base sequence to which it must bind and align the ribonucleoside triphosphates with the complementary bases. Real-time homogeneous assay of rapid cycle polymerase chain reaction product for identification of Leptonema illini. The virus relies on an enzyme called RNA polymerase to infect and spread in a host. Show More Sentences Escherichia coli RNA polymerase activity observed using atomic force microscopy. Taq polymerase is a protein expressed in the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus that was discovered in Yellow Stone National Park geysers. Detection of Borrelia burgdorfed DNA by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid in Lyme neuroborreliosis. CleanAmp dNTPs used with native Taq polymerase perform to specification in our demanding multiplex Scorpions assays. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostabile DNA polymerase. She then proceeds much as the police do in a forensic laboratory, amplifying the retrieved DNA using a technology known as polymerase chain reaction, and then cutting it up into millions of bits. The invention further provides a method for randomly mutagenizing a gene by amplifying the gene using a low fidelity polymerase mutant. The first 2 platforms use sequencing-by-synthesis mediated by DNA polymerase, while the latter employs synthesis-by-ligation mediated by DNA ligase. Due to the polymerase chain reaction amplification used in the test, one needs to be cautious even when equal signal intensities for each allele are observed. We present here a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, which detects and distinguishes infection by 2 such agents, avipoxviruses and papillomaviruses, in avian hosts. It is also an effective DNA polymerase when directed by single-stranded Homopolymeric DNA, single-stranded heteropolymeric DNA, or activated double-stranded DNA templates. The M, NP, NS, and polymerase genes of the Canadian viruses are also phylogenetically closely related to reassortant viruses dating back to 1998 in the United States. The construction technique used was splicing by overlap extension, which involves generating the two fragments of interest in separate polymerase chain reactions. Woodgate's laboratory recently discovered and purified polymerase iota. This changes the accessibility of the DNA template to the polymerase. A novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay to simultaneously diagnose and speciate Leishmania spp. Exonic regions of BOP gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and amplified exonic regions were analyzed by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphisms. The DNA polymerase used in pyrosequencing is the Klenow fragment. Influence of fluorophor dye labels on the migration behavior of polymerase chain reaction-amplified short tandem repeats during denaturing capillary electrophoresis. The cellular level of the DNA repair enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase was found to correlate with species lifespan in a study of 13 mammalian species. Show More Sentences Rapid and reliable genotyping for the Toll-like receptor 4 A896G polymorphism using fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes in a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Several years later, testing of the preserved tissue block by polymerase chain reaction was negative for sequences found in Mycobacterium chelonae. Their findings led to the discovery of the polymerase chain reaction, which can amplify DNA and has enabled genetic sequencing and genetic fingerprinting. On the basis of amino acid or nucleotide sequencing of the polymerase and capsid regions, NoV can be divided into 6 genogroups and several genotypes. Microbiologic culture and polymerase chain reaction were used to determine carriage rates among dogs and their humans in a study reported in Emerging Infectious Diseases. Find more words! 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What is the adverb for polymerase? What is the adjective for polymerase? What is the noun for polymerase? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words polymer polymathy polymaths polymathic polymath polyisoprene polymerase chain reaction polymeric polymerisation polymerization polymerize polymerized 10-letter Words Starting With p po pol poly polym polyme polymer polymera polymeras