| Mach sought to reformulate Newtonian mechanics from a phenomenalist standpoint. |     | 
| But these experiential regularities are object-dependent, whereas the phenomenalist needs object-independent regularities concerning experiences alone. |     | 
| The problem for the phenomenalist is that such reference is ineliminable. |     | 
| Kerslake argues that Meillassoux misreads Kant as a phenomenalist, an empirical idealist and as a proponent of anthropomorphism. |     | 
| He argued that Wittgenstein undertook metaphysical ordinary language philosophy as he reduced ordinary language to the phenomenalist language of sense-data. |     | 
| Hobbes's founding of the new, modern phenomenalist physics, and of its necessary task of enlightenment or civilizing the world, was undertaken in ignorance of this fact. |     |