| Prior to the Civil War, free Blacks could legally obtain patents on their inventions. |
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| We researched patents with useful mechanisms that enable quick detachability and angular positioning of sensors on a vehicle roof rack. |
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| The patents of cosmeticians will be reduced significantly and will be almost equal to that of hairdressers. |
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| Since it was developed over 20 years ago, all the original patents have run out. |
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| Multinational pharmaceutical companies hold patents on drugs that can bring immense relief to AIDS sufferers. |
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| They don't care much about licensing, software patents or threatening legislation. |
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| Anyone who wants to make a better mousetrap has to invent around existing mousetrap patents. |
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| The revenue from those patents goes both to the two inventors and to their universities' deans, department chiefs, and many others. |
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| Mr Shipley's argument is that the defendants entered into the settlement on the basis that the patents were invalid. |
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| The jealously guarded patents hindered photography's commercial infiltration into England. |
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| The pressure for the FDA to act will only intensify as biotech patents expire. |
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| Dr. De Luca has published over 100 peer-reviewed articles, over 200 abstracts, a book, and holds 12 patents. |
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| Last year, the country was granted 146 U.S. patents for various technologies and products. |
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| Yet some prominent thinkers argue that patents and copyrights are unnecessary government intrusions in the market. |
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| Biotechnology investments are soaring worldwide, fuelling the race for patents. |
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| Most patents also are assigned a subclass and are given more than one class and subclass. |
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| You'll see patents out the bazoo, better-backed startups, higher-volume production, and better competition. |
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| Several others are use patents for direct incorporation into human foods as ingredients or spreads. |
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| Resources include plant and machinery, patents, brands, and skilled people. |
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| Another complication comes from impending legal action over drug patents facing both companies. |
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| A critical task for the drug companies is to obtain patents on me-too drugs or to extend patents on successful drugs. |
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| And she goosed innovation by creating an incentive program that has doubled the number of patents HP filed this year. |
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| It's another step towards breaking the stranglehold of the big pharmaceutical companies on drug patents. |
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| These core patents, once issued, can then be used as a foundation for building families of related patents. |
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| These patents were for a steelyard, a candlestick, the anglet, a mason's hoist for bricks and mortar, and a balance. |
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| They are granting patents, but they are lamely trying to deny that these are food additives. |
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| We believe the Rambus patents are invalid, not infringed and unenforceable. |
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| Its suit claimed that products from the pneumatics manufacturer infringed on two of his patents for magnetically coupled rodless pistons. |
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| One of these patents has revolutionized the way we can better desalinate sea water for human consumption. |
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| In order to get patents, it has to be proved that genetically engineered species are completely new, novel, and alien organisms. |
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| And if as a result of the new patents, the revenue gets a five million leva boost, who cares? |
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| Both the administrators and business are fed up with patents being used anticompetitively. |
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| We think of creative work as a purely human thing, and wrap invention in mystery and legal monopoly of copyrights and patents. |
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| Unlike copyright, patents give holders exclusive rights to a technology for a set number of years. |
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| It ignores the fundamental economic question of whether patents for computer software promote innovation. |
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| We discussed his patents on musical notation, allowing sheet music to be printed out by computers. |
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| Both of these patents of arms may be termed canting arms which means that they contain a pun on the surname. |
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| The patents in suit protect the plaintiffs from infringement of the claims of those patents. |
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| Rich nations insist that poor nations honor patents and copyrights, even if it means paying far more for pharmaceuticals and software. |
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| The legal system protects intellectual property through patents and copyright. |
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| The anti-globalization left, which abhors property rights of any kind, loathes patents, and quickly found a weak spot in the case of health. |
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| She fails to ask whether drugs companies would remain in business if they had no patents. |
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| In September 2001 we predicted that VIA and Intel would come together and cross-license their respective patents. |
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| The cost of patents on biologicals used in healthcare and medicines would be even higher and more horrific. |
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| The country's middle-management class is burgeoning, but why are so few patents being filed here? |
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| A number of biopharmaceutical patents are due to expire in the next few years, or have already expired. |
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| Examples of such biopiracy include patents on neem, turmeric, ginger, pepper, and basmati, to name just a few. |
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| Monitoring patents worldwide is a mammoth task and challenging biopiracy obscenely expensive. |
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| The number of patents can thus only be used as a rough measure of the innovative capacity of a country. |
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| With modern technology and equipment, it is hoped that Chinese scientists develop new drugs with patents. |
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| There are few medicines used to treat diseases like malaria, tuberculosis and polio that have patents on them now. |
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| Our patents clearance process makes sure we are not infringing the patents of anybody else. |
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| For example, one of IBM's patents is on the idea of marking text in a word-processor in different colors for correcting. |
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| A British company with a history of taking on larger rivals says it owns six patents affecting software downloads. |
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| In which case, in which case, if people apply for patents and they get hit with massive fines, they're not going to apply for patents at all. |
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| Oxford University will keep any patents as well as a royalty-free, non-exclusive license to use the intellectual property internally. |
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| A non-profit group requested that Microsoft's claims for the patents be investigated. |
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| Would he be trusted going forward with information about patents and secret formulas? |
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| Private biotechnology companies that hold certain patents can monopolize certain gene tech markets. |
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| It covers all large Indian companies and multinationals that strongly believe in patents. |
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| Support the capacity for the Government to fine companies who introduce bodgie patents. |
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| You can believe in patents without believing that everything under the sun should be patented. |
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| The technology has been patented in South Africa, with international patents pending. |
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| Obviously, lower standards for granting patents induce more applications, which generates more fees. |
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| Last summer BT began legal action in the US against six companies concerning patents for blowing fibre optic cables down bores and conduits. |
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| Stallman believed that when commercial companies smother their software with patents and copyrights, everybody loses. |
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| There are several patents which disclose loose jointed bridle bits and bridoons of various constructions. |
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| Hence, the USA far exceeds the EU in the number of biotechnology patents. |
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| The whole issue of software patents recently came up in Europe as the EU debated whether to change its laws in order to come into line with the US and Japan. |
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| Defenders of business method patents say they encourage innovation. |
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| This is a nation of museums and patents, timeless holy sites and ground-breaking innovation. |
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| A headset capable of issuing commands to another device with a simple head nod is one of 38 patents granted to Apple this week. |
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| Casull holds a couple-dozen major patents, and is, in fact, a complete gun designer covering everything from mini-revolvers to machine guns to magnum handguns. |
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| Senior Editor Gross writes about research, patents, and other intangibles. |
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| Banning gene patents and chimeras won't save a single human life. |
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| Greason started out at intel but felt the zero-gravity pull of the rocket macro-process in which he now holds 22 patents. |
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| Second, even the most vehement promoter of open-source coding has to admit that Microsoft's patents have had negligible impact on its market position. |
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| Are you being advised that these particular patents are challengeable? |
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| Robert Stirling applied for his first patents for this engine and the economizer in 1816, only after a few months of getting nominated as a minister at the Church of Scotland. |
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| He publicly attacked a Melbourne biotechnology company for its aggressive enforcement of patents that cover vast tracts of the genome of every creature on earth. |
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| Additionally, a 10-year cross licensing agreement for patents was signed. |
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| Federal patents may be the same nationwide but under our Constitution, federal criminal jury trials are meant to differ state by state to some extent. |
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| In terms of a strategy for filing patents covering different market areas, does the order in which patents are filed make a difference for market penetration? |
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| The deal allows countries unable to manufacture medicines domestically to override international patents and import cheap generic drugs when they need to. |
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| Software patents have become a source of unproductive litigation that entrenches large tech companies and inhibits creativity. |
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| The moment the patents were granted they would be valuable pieces of Intellectual Property, which could be mortgaged, sold or handled in any normal way. |
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| The above two cases illustrate how broad patents can limit research. |
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| It's not a word you'll find in the reams of material written on the pros and cons of intellectual property, the umbrella system that protects patents. |
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| By some estimates, 40 percent of human genes have been patented, and every single one of those patents was at stake in this case. |
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| They just gave up half a billion for invalid patents on an obvious idea, after the company that might not own those patents had to pay off another company to license them. |
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| Investors clearly believe in the value of patents and the inventions they animate. |
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| Therefore the threats will be justified unless the patents are invalid. |
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| In a blog post, he announced that the company would open up its patents and other intellectual property to competitors. |
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| A consortium of scientists and the American Civil Liberties Union eventually sued to invalidate the patents a few years ago. |
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| Intangible assets are a firm's nonphysical sources of value, such as its patents, brands, trademarks, copyrights, customer lists and other intellectual capital. |
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| Users can also find out how to protect their intellectual property by attending a free intellectual property searching workshop on patents, trademarks and registered designs. |
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| All this comes at a bad time for Big Pharma, which is facing the imminent expiration of patents on many of its blockbusters and fewer-than-expected new drugs in the pipeline. |
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| But in truth, they are not purporting to tell the American public, say, that one of their patents is invalid or that the scope of its claims is not what it might appear to be. |
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| Design patents cover the non-functional features of useful objects. |
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| It became the perfect central motif, as both an anciently used village resource and the centre of late 20th century disputes on patents and ownership of knowledge. |
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| He said it had built a portfolio of exclusive patents and hoped to leapfrog the next stage of the development of LCD, which is used in 80 per cent of flat panel displays. |
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| There are so many patents that cover MPEG technology that it will take a significant engineering breakthrough to produce a competitive freely licensable alternative. |
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| Nanocor holds patents for polyolefin nanocomposites, with additional patents pending. |
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| In the Thirteen Colonies, inventors could obtain patents through petition to a given colony's legislature. |
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| Each of these companies patents several processes for the production of aromatic synthetics annually. |
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| He was granted a large number of patents for inventions and refinements in the fields of elasticity, optics, and barometry. |
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| Watt's vigorous defence of his patents resulted in the continued use of the Newcomen engine in an effort to avoid royalty payments. |
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| When his patents expired in the 1790s there was a rush to install Watt engines, and Newcomen engines were eclipsed, even in collieries. |
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| By 1792 he had started making engines of his own design, but which contained a separate condenser, and so infringed Watt's patents. |
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| Diesel's patents expired in 1912, but a number of successful oil engine locomotives were produced before then. |
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| He purchased patents from the monarchy to be the sole composer of operas for the French king and to prevent others from having operas staged. |
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| In 1803, Trevithick sold the patents for his locomotives to Samuel Homfray. |
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| In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union. |
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| To date, Kuwait has registered 384 patents, the second highest figure in the Arab world. |
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| Between 2010 and 2016, Kuwait registered the highest growth in patents in the Arab world. |
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| To escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edison's patents could not be enforced. |
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| The CREATE Act will now permit patents with patentably indistinct claims to be separately owned, but remain valid. |
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| Those who received such patents had the right to assign them to third parties for execution. |
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| In his response, Ambassador Ferrero advised them not to reveal the results until after they had obtained the patents. |
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| In 2012, Moroccan inventors applied for 197 patents, up from 152 two years earlier. |
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| The States General issued patents in 1614 for the development of New Netherland as a private, commercial venture. |
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| The iSense technology is the subject of patents in the United Kingdom and the United States. |
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| Granville Woods had 35 patents to improve electric railway systems, including the first system to allow moving trains to communicate. |
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| Mark Dean holds three of the original nine patents on the computer on which all PCs are based. |
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| Coke used his role in Parliament as a leading opposition MP to attack patents, a system he had already criticised as a judge. |
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| It began as the Crown granted patents as a form of economic protection to ensure high industrial production. |
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| As gifts from the Crown, there was no judicial review, oversight or consideration, and no actual law concerning patents. |
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| Many companies are being bought for their patents, licenses, market share, name brand, research staff, methods, customer base, or culture. |
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| When Arkwright's patents expired, the mule was developed by several manufacturers. |
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| There had been a ferocious legal battle to get Arkwright's two most important patents annulled. |
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| There now appear a series of useful improvements that are contained in patents for useless devices. |
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| In 1781, Arkwright went to court to protect his patents but the move rebounded when his patents were overturned. |
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| Four years later, after seeing his patents restored temporarily a court battle of 1785 in London made a determination. |
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| Arkwright's patents were laid aside, and this judgement was later interpreted to mean as he was not the inventor, then Highs must have been. |
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| His patents remained in place until the start of the 19th Century and some say that this held back development. |
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| Roberts continued as a consulting engineer and inventor until his death, taking out 18 patents. |
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| Having omitted to take out patents, Roebuck's was unable to prevent others from making use of his methods as they eventually became known. |
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| Further losses came from challenges to the patents in England and Ireland and the outright infringement of the process. |
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| Those techniques have been developed over many decades and summarized in more than 640 patents. |
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| Particular species of patents for inventions include biological patents, business method patents, chemical patents and software patents. |
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| The patent office generally has responsibility for the grant of patents, with infringement being the remit of national courts. |
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| Elizabeth I particularly was a great abuser of the system, issuing patents for common commodities such as starch and salt. |
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| Crucially, this rendered all past, present and future patents and monopolies null and void. |
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| Essentially, this established a wide area in which patents could be granted, on the condition that monopolies lasted no longer than 14 years. |
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| The engine's construction was the most complex so far, but as before he ran into trouble with Watt's patents on these subjects. |
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| The second chapter focuses on adenosine end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. |
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| He has served as an Associate Editor for IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics and has more than 30 publications and four patents. |
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| NanoSpire has pioneered controlled formation and aiming of high-speed cavitation re-entrant jets, resulting in four recently issued patents. |
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| The second chapter focuses on barium petroleum sulfonate end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. |
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| Patent and Trademark Office has issued three patents relating to rifaximin. |
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| For example, Brown will grant only non-exclusive RTU to Ajax for Brown's patents. |
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| Many Indians sold their lands soon after receiving their patents to land speculators and lumbermen. |
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| The second chapter focuses on boron trifluoride end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. |
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| In addition, MediChem's ThermoGen protein expression and biocatalysis unit was awarded two patents covering a number of its biocatalysts. |
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| Sure, opening up the patents would be inviting more competition. |
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| The results will be protected by patents or spreadly disseminated through international conferencies and publications. |
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| Forresters specialises in all areas of intellectual property, including patents, trade marks, designs and copyright. |
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| Alteration in stomatological findings of patents with Yusho in the general examination. |
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| One of these five competences, reflected in approximately 2,000 patents held by is host firm, is used here as an example. |
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| Certainly, one would have to maximize the value of such a key feature as wireless connectively inherent to these patents. |
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| Fullerenes look relatively unentangled, but crowded with abandoned patents. |
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| Samsung, in a countermove, accused Apple of infringing on patents related to transmitting digital video and storing digital images. |
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| Samsung has countersued Apple, saying the devices infringe the company's patents. |
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| Apple countersued earlier this month, charging that Nokia has infringed on 13 Apple patents. |
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| The second chapter focuses on octyl amine end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. |
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| The second chapter focuses on ortho phenyl phenol end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. |
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| Toshiba said ACME has manufactured and sold DVD videodiscs in Italy without concluding a licensing agreement with Toshiba concerning the patents. |
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| Around the world, Hanvon is one of the only two providers of the electromagnetic digitizers, and has the patents around it. |
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| March told us about the Perclose closure system for which he holds a series of patents. |
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| The company, which holds over forty-eight patents, is most known for its critically-acclaimed headphone and phono cartridge designs. |
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| Sperry invented the first marine gyrocompass in 1908 and earned more than 350 patents during his career in the maritime industry. |
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| Einstein is also credited in part with patents for gyrocompasses and a hearing aid. |
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| According to the report, Immersion is the only technology provider in the market that has a broad range of patents related to haptics. |
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| Magicstor's research affiliate, for infringement of multiple Hitachi GST's patents relating to hard disk drives. |
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| And virtually every drugmaker has been hurt in the last few years by expirations of patents for popular drugs that once made billions every year. |
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| Gregg has developed several innovations for the RF electrodeless plasma lamp leading to fourteen patents currently pending approval. |
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| The suit alleges that Eppendorf's Multiporator and Electroporator product lines and protocols infringe three US patents held by Bio-Rad. |
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| There is considerable overlap between the subject matter that is protectable by patents and by trade secrets. |
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| Rigel's FACS patent estate covers patents issued in both the United States and Europe. |
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| KleenAir's method is clearly more cost-effective as it injects ammonia directly and extensive patents protect its exclusivity in this regard. |
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| District Court for the Northern District of California, alleges that Palo Alto Networks' products and services infringe ten Finjan patents. |
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| The second chapter focuses on isobutylene oxide end-uses, the third one gives summary on a number of patents. |
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| In 1918 General Motors saw the potential, bought Wolfe's patents and the first Frigidaire was sold. |
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| Of all the inventors to obtain patents, only a few have really built a better mousetrap. |
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| That June, De Forest entered into an extended legal battle with an employee, Freeman Harrison Owens, for title to one of the crucial Phonofilm patents. |
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| Some pending patents have been licensed to Olfactor Laboratories Inc. |
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| It settles a series of lawsuits and countersuits that began in 2004, when HP claimed in San Diego federal court that five of its patents were being infringed by Gateway. |
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| Over the next four years, he improved his system with the help of equipment and patents licensed from another American inventor in the field, Theodore Case. |
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| In May 2013, Next Pharmaceuticals purchased the worldwide distribution rights along with all patents, trademarks and scientific knowledge of Sytrinol from KGK Synergize. |
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| Recent judicial and legislative developments may have made it more difficult for nonpracticing entities and other patent owners to successfully assert their patents. |
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| Corrine Dufour of Savannah, Georgia received two patents in 1899 and 1900 for another blown air system that seems to have featured the first use of an electric motor. |
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| Between 1790 and 1836 about ten thousand patents were granted. |
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| The RB545's precooler had issues with embrittlement, excess liquid hydrogen consumption, patents and the Official Secrets Act, so Bond developed SABRE instead. |
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| He has authored 1 75 scientific articles and 15 books and holds 3 patents, including the initial patent on the therapeutic implications of dimethyl sulfoxide. |
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| Periodical publications about manufacturing and technology began to appear in the last decade of the 18th century, and many regularly included notice of the latest patents. |
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| He has patents on wing and airfoil design concepts for efficient transonic transports, powered high-lift concepts, and short takeoff and landing configurations. |
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| The intangible assets transferred in this first transaction consisted of patents, trademarks and trade names, designs and drawings, software, and trade secrets and know how. |
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| The effects of patents, both good and ill, on the development of industrialisation are clearly illustrated in the history of the steam engine, the key enabling technology. |
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| Apple has won a US appeals court ruling related to patents of some features like a multitouch technology, that Apple says makes its iPhone unique. |
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| In addition, MediChem Life Sciences 's ThermoGen protein expression and biocatalysis unit was awarded two patents covering a number of its biocatalysts. |
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| As the inventor of mistyping correction, mixed language input, adaptive learning and sentence-based gesture input, TouchPal has over 50 issued or pending patents. |
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| Several of the techiest potential jurors were excluded from the panel, including an Apple employee, another from Google, and a man with over 120 patents. |
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| The report also consists of some key findings regarding Major shell company patents, IP activity over the years based on earliest priority year, publication year etc. |
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| Acres Gaming Incorporated and Mikohn Gaming Corporation announced today that Mikohn has agreed to license Acres' bonusing patents for use in its MoneyTime System. |
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| Board games can be protected by patents, trademarks and copyright. |
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| New York-based Meaningful Machines develops, patents and commercializes leading-edge technologies in machine language translation, text mining, and artificial intelligence. |
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| The European Patent Office has already granted Siemens several key patents for the technologies used in resistive superconducting fault current limiters. |
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| For licensees, pools of patents from multiple licensors generally carry lower royalty fees than the total for licenses secured from the licensors individually. |
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| The second of the patents is one more in a series of patents that together cover the design and fabrication of the company's direct oxidation anode. |
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| Even given a string of judicial decisions criticising and overruling such monopolies, James I, Elizabeth I's successor, continued using patents to create monopolies. |
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| The granting of these patents was highly popular with the monarch, both before and after the statute of Monopolies, because of the potential for raising revenue. |
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| Unrest eventually persuaded her to turn the administration of patents over to the common law courts, but her successor, James I, was even more abusive. |
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| The grant and enforcement of patents are governed by national laws, and also by international treaties, where those treaties have been given effect in national laws. |
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| Inventors can obtain patents and then sell them to third parties. |
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| Importation patents protected new devices coming from foreign countries. |
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| Similar grants included land patents, which were land grants by early state governments in the USA, and printing patents, a precursor of modern copyright. |
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| It continued for fourteen years when the rights under the patents expired. |
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| Boulton and Watt successfully challenged two of Murray's patents. |
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| Evans's detractors presented evidence and witnesses at the trial to press the argument that Evans did not truly invent much of what his patents protected. |
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| Several major legal cases questioned whether laws to extend private patents in this manner were even constitutional, but Evans ultimately prevailed in each case. |
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| Watt held patents on key aspects of his engine's design, but his rotative engine was equally restricted by the patent by an other of the simple crank. |
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| Arkwright applied for at least 5 patents relating to spinning. |
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| Businessmen such as Richard Arkwright employed inventors to find solutions that would increase the amount of yarn spun, then took out the relevant patents. |
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| In 1748, Daniel Bourn and Lewis Paul separately obtained patents for carding machines, which were presumably used in the Leominster and Northampton mills respectively. |
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| Canadian patent law is the legal system regulating the granting of patents for inventions within Canada, and the enforcement of these rights in Canada. |
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| Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term. |
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| It operates the registries of trade marks, patents and designs. |
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| From 1855 to 1973 there were already 340 patents filed in the UK alone. |
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| They drive up the costs of products, particularly of complicated multi-component products that can be covered by a myriad of disparately held patents. |
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| Nutrinova's Docosahexaenoic acid business, which includes know-how, patents and registrations in the major global markets, has been acquired by Lonza. |
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| The patents are for a newly developed wafer demount gas distribution tool and for a wafer demount receptacle for separating the thinned wafer from the mounting carrier. |
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| The court thus overruled all the states' protective laws, except against outright fraud, and declared open season on any products not protected by patents. |
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| The primary source of letters patent in the United States are intellectual property patents and land patents, though letters patent are issued for a variety of other purposes. |
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| Categories covered include a history of the company that includes handtools, pistols, revolvers, patents, never-before-seen archival materials, and ephemera. |
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| The patents of 9, 13, The 2 proclamations, the Indenture and proclamations of 16 et 18, both in the creation, makynge, grantyng, and execution, by question found greevances. |
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| The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by the 18 patents granted in his name alone and the 12 he shared with his collaborators. |
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| The United States Patent Office gave a ruling 8 October 1883, that Edison's patents were based on the prior art of William Sawyer and were invalid. |
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| This means that freedom of contract permissible in the law of patents has been limited under the law and the contract is voidable when inventor has informed the employer. |
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| Although his patents were eventually overturned, he is credited with inventing the spinning frame, which following the transition to water power was renamed the water frame. |
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| Poley went on to earn 18 US patents, among which were the push-button radio for automobiles and the video disc, a forerunner of today's DVD player. |
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| This patent is the most recent USPO award of multiple pending patents relating to VeruTEK's innovative time-released surfactant, oxidant, and catalyst technologies. |
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| He is co-founder and CEO of Crawdad Technologies LLC, and has been awarded two patents in connection with Centering Resonance Analysis, a form of network text analysis. |
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