In Clione, an almost continuous parapodial swimmer, the basic CPG is fairly simple. |
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However, in parapodial motoneurons, the action potential is initiated at or near the soma and travels to the axon terminal. |
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Either one or both parapodia were cut free from the body wall, taking care not to cut the parapodial nerves that connect the pedal ganglia to the periphery. |
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The pteropod, Cfione limacina differs from the nudibranchs and notaspids discussed so far in that it swims continuously using paired parapodial appendages that resemble wings. |
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These setae are attached to intrinsic parapodial muscles which act to protrude setae, or retract them, or spread them. |
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The ventral nerve mass, the trunk innervations and parapodial nerves are visible. |
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The most accomplished opisthobranch swimming is by enlarged parapodial lobes of the foot. |
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