| Each disc flower is surrounded by a sharp-pointed, chaffy bract and consists of a basal inferior ovary, two pappus scales, and a tubular corolla. |
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| A second sample of 50 randomly chosen achenes of each capitular type was used to determine achene weight, achene dimensions and pappus length. |
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| Coode and Richardson pointed out a relationship between Centranthus and Valeriana because both genera share a plumose pappus. |
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| The achenes produced by each capitulum are similar, possess a pappus of bristles that causes them to move upwind and a well-developed elaisome. |
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| In the same work Pappus writes about how the problem of trisecting an angle was solved by Apollonius using conics. |
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| Pappus of Alexandria is the last of the great Greek geometers and one of his theorems is cited as the basis of modern projective geometry. |
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| Pappus tells us about the conchoid of Nicomedes in his Mathematical collection. |
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| The focus and directrix of a hyperbola were considered by Pappus. |
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| The focus and directrix of a parabola were considered by Pappus. |
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| Pappus tells us, therefore, that Theaetetus was inspired by the work of Theodorus to work on incommensurables and that he made major contributions to the theory. |
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| Pappus of Alexandria wrote a Commentary on Diodorus's Analemma. |
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