In addition to palladium and its alloys, other metals and oxides in nonporous forms are known to be selectively permeable to some gases. |
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Two methods were used to determine, in non-isothermal conditions, the sintering activation energy of UO2 and UO2+x oxides. |
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Chemical behavior, such as the acidic or basic properties of oxides, is also periodic. |
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Other aviation gases include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, which contribute to acid rain. |
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Transport is a major source of two of the constituents of acid rain, namely sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides. |
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Wind energy doesn't produce sulfur dioxide or nitrous oxides that cause acid rain, and it does not disrupt the Earth's climate. |
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An admixture of ceramic and mineral oxides are fashioned into the internal lining of attire for day-to-day usage, explains Dr. Jose. |
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Ozone is produced when sunlight triggers chemical reactions involving reactive hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. |
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The main minerals identified were mainly calcite also some diopside, wollastonite, iron oxides and a few scattered dolomite crystals. |
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Like those of the Group 1 metals, the oxides of the alkaline earths can be dissolved in water to form bases. |
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In carbonate-rich soils, rapid neutralization of rainwater by carbonate minerals restricts the mobilization of aluminosilicates and oxides. |
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Nonmetal oxides that form acidic solutions when dissolved in water are called acid anhydrides. |
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They used various materials such as lime, copper, silica, iron oxides, and chalk to produce numerous colors. |
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The last type of coating is the anti-reflective. It utilizes mental oxides to block reflected light and to reduce glare. |
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These may be reprecipitated and incorporated into authigenic materials, such as glauconite, various carbonates, and iron and manganese oxides. |
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Crusts of iron-manganese oxides and manganese nodules occur, particularly in red clays. |
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Metallic oxides are bases because the oxide ions accept protons from water molecules, thereby generating hydroxide ions in solution. |
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The cobalt plant is part of a large metallurgic concern that produces fine cobalt metal powders, cobalt oxides, and cobalt salts. |
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Like most clays, bentonite is a hydrated compound of aluminium and silicon oxides, but it differs in ways that are useful to wine-makers. |
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The solids used include natural clays and minerals, metal oxides and sulfides, metal salts, and mixed metal oxides. |
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It occurs in all kinds of minerals, such as oxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, and phosphates. |
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These groups are the silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, oxides, sulfides, and halides. |
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Sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, and nitrogen compounds are converted to nitrogen oxides. |
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The host limestone surrounding the pockets has been largely replaced by silica and iron oxides. |
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Nitrogen oxides can react with hydrocarbons to yield nitric acid, a primary ingredient in acid rain. |
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Accessory minerals include earthy aggregates of clay minerals and botryoidal or stalactitic manganese oxides. |
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The high amounts of nitrogen oxides seem to be attributed to unvented heaters. |
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The formation of these complexes can decrease the amount of bound by metal oxides, increasing the amount of available in solution. |
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Diesel particulate matter consists of soot mixed with anything from volatile organic compounds to sulphur and nitrous oxides. |
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The rocks are covered with a black sooty layer of manganese oxides but are quite fresh beneath this weathering crust. |
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The interaction between nitrogen oxides and PAHs leads to formation of nitrated PAHs, which are in turn even more potent carcinogens. |
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This is because some of the alloying elements form oxides and other compounds at the grain boundaries, embrittling the material. |
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Today's silicon steels use MnS as the grain growth inhibitor, but other compounds, such as carbides, oxides, or nitrides, are also effective. |
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In the presence of excess ground waters, brucite in the friable matrix dissolves, leaving behind a residue of amorphous iron oxides. |
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The epoxide hydrolases are a family of enzymes that hydrate simple epoxide to vicinal diols and arene oxides to transdihydrodiols. |
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Among the simple oxides, only anatase and hematite have been found to date. |
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The ozone layer might be damaged by the release of nitrogen oxides from nuclear explosions. |
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The oxides, hydrides, and halides are volatile covalent compounds that have low melting points. |
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Lord Ganesha gets a glossy finish, thanks to some fine handwork and the addition of oxides like cobalt and antimony. |
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They typically comprise early olivine and plagioclase, ophitically enclosed by augite, with opaque oxides and apatite. |
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These pollutants include ozone, sulphides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and sulphur oxides. |
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However, only a small fraction of the crustal abundance of most minerals exists in non-silicate form, as oxides, sulphides, or carbonates. |
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Most metals are so readily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen that they are only found naturally as oxides, sulfides or salts. |
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The few exceptions to this definition are the oxides of carbon, the carbonates, the cyanides, and a few other families of compounds. |
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Burning buildings can produce carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic and sulphurated compounds. |
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Nonmetallic elements combine with oxygen to form oxides, many of which, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, are gases. |
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Wind energy doesn't produce sulfur dioxide or nitrous oxides that cause acid rain, and it does hot disrupt the Earth's climate. |
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Many familiar nonmetallic oxides, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide, exist as molecules. |
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Nitrates are formed from reacting nitric acid with metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates. |
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Exhaust from the automobile can contain carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which are poisonous gases. |
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The gases, particularly sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, then dissolve in water vapour in the air. |
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Power plants will be expected to reduce emissions of mercury, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. |
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Colored products use iron oxides, chromic oxide, and various organic pigments. |
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Ship engines release significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, diesel particulates and sulfur into the atmosphere. |
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Indeed, it reduces harmful emissions by 75 per cent with less carbon dioxide than petrol and fewer particulates and nitrogen oxides than diesel. |
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By that date, diesel-engine manufacturers were to restrict emissions of nitrous oxides and particulates to tough new limits. |
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Generally speaking, LPG has an advantage in terms of Nitrogen oxides and particulates. |
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Paragenetic evidence indicates that the manganese oxides are pre-or syngenetic with respect to the barite. |
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Moisture retention coupled with the presence of hydratable oxides could result in volumetric instability. |
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Metal oxides are not the only substances that hydrolyze to produce hydroxide ions and basic solutions. |
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Limonite is not a mineral species as such, but rather a mixture of amorphous hydrous iron oxides. |
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Important pigments include inorganic oxides and insoluble salts, which are mechanically mixed in a coating material. |
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When fired in a kiln at 1,250 degrees, the oxides and glass pieces melt to form a beautiful layer. |
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The monolith is coated first with oxides, then a layer of metals such as platinum, rhodium, and palladium is added. |
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The only manufacturing left on the site when reprocessing goes will be the plant for making nuclear fuel from plutonium and uranium oxides. |
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Red iron oxides were used as lipstick and blusher and a red henna mixture was used to tint the nails. |
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However, iron oxides, which are generally present in bauxite, may undesirably raise the catalytic activity of bauxite. |
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And make propellant for fireworks, and make fuses to ignite the propellant to effectively disperse the oxides for very pretty fireworks! |
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Many rocks in arid areas sport desert varnish, a dark, shiny coating rich in iron oxides and manganese oxide. |
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Colors in the agate are due to traces of iron and manganese oxides or to light diffusion in colloids. |
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High concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxides, and lead apparently often cancel the need for traditional blue. |
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Iron oxides of varying composition, cadmium selenide and select organic toluidines are the most popular red pigments. |
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The ash of beneficiated materials was richer in the basic oxides, while poorer in quartz. |
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Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons are the main exhaust pollutants and they are involved in the production of damaging photochemical smog. |
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Typical examples would include metal oxides, metal and semimetal nitrides. |
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The oxides are minerals that contain an element combined with oxygen. |
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Although most metallic oxides are insoluble or only very slightly soluble in water, they readily react with acidic solutions to form hydroxide ions that are then neutralized. |
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Glass, at high temperatures, not only has the property of oxidating the metals, but, moreover, when the chemical affinity is satisfied, of dissolving the oxides. |
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Some of the cavities contain bits of iron oxides, and relatively sharp octahedra have been found on weathered pseudomorphs of limonite after pyrite. |
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Also, the inevitable non-metallic inclusions, i.e. oxides, silicates, sulphides, are broken up, some deformed, and distributed throughout the steel in a more uniform manner. |
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They also emit nitrogen oxides, or NOx, a key component of smog. |
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Borides, carbides, oxides, and nonmetallic particles in the melt are scavenged and then concentrated in localized regions within the cast structure. |
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It's done with certain oxides of rare-earth elements such as cerium. |
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In a partial cross section of a tree fern that lived about 200 million years ago, blue chalcedony and orange iron oxides and hydroxides have replaced the original structures. |
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In the inorganic world, combustion can work the other way around, providing the energy to drive redox reactions and to form complex oxides from binary components. |
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These minerals can be supplemented in the diet as inorganic oxides, sulfates, or organic chelates with the mineral bound to an amino acid or peptide complex. |
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Metal oxides such as chromium, iron, copper, or manganese, are used to colour glass, and the shades range from a light green to deep blue to topaz yellow. |
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Plastic production is water-intensive and causes air emissions of hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxides. |
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In both cities and forests, alkyl nitrates are made when nitrogen oxides, which are produced by automobile tailpipes and smokestacks, react with hydrocarbon molecules. |
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In 1970 he showed that nitrogen oxides of both natural and industrial origin react catalytically with ozone, thus reducing the stratospheric ozone layer. |
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Similarly, metallic iron and many other metals, alloys, oxides, sulfides and other compounds containing iron and a number of other transition metals can be magnetized. |
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A chemical reaction takes place between sodium, potassium and magnesium chlorides from salt with calcium oxides and hydroxide from soil to form calcium chloride. |
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When fossil fuels burn, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sooty particles, dioxins, and other pollutants are released into the air and water. |
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He says although there has been no change in efficiency, emission reductions have been measured in sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. |
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The rail companies will use the grant to retrofit 10 switcher locomotives in the valley to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and diesel particulates. |
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Oxidative calcination is commonly used to convert metal sulfide ores to oxides in the first step of recovering such metals as zinc, lead, and copper. |
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Interaction of Cl 2 with oxides of nitrogen may also occur, causing the chlorination and nitration of various amino acid residues, particularly tyrosine. |
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Associated minerals include pyrophyllite, lazulite, quartz, various brightly colored iron oxides, barite, and a suite of microcrystalline phosphates. |
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It would set new caps for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and mercury. |
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Under PSR conditions, like in electroslag remelting, slag on basis of fluoric calcium, oxides of calcium, aluminium, magnesium, etc. |
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The use of kaolinite makes Na-4-mica less expensive to produce than other swelling micas made with gels or oxides. |
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However, each of these oxides has other potential drawbacks including color, photoactivity, and haze from light scattering. |
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Given the similarity in the reducibility of iron and tin oxides, tin smelters would have faced a trade-off. |
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In the literature, nanoencapsulation of colloidal nanoparticles has included metals, semiconductors, polymers, and inorganic oxides. |
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Learman DR, Voelker BM, Vazquez-Rodriguez AI, Hansel CM Formation of manganese oxides by bacterially generated superoxide. |
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Geometrically frustrated pyrochlore oxides containing a rare-earth ion and a transition metal ion form a network of corner-sharing tetrahedra. |
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The best protectors are presumably the high-melting-point oxides, carbides, and borides of W, Mo, Nb, Ti, Zr, etc. |
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Substrates available with the LP treatment include talc, sericite, mica, titanium dioxide and iron oxides. |
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The interstratified distribution of titanium oxides can act as a solid lubricant during the wear test. |
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High temperature thermodynamic studies on the transuranium oxides and their solid solutions. |
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Titanite, zircon, opaque minerals and Fe and Ti oxides are also present as accessories. |
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Currently, MRA contrast agents fall into two major classes, large molecular weight gadolinium-chelated complexes and colloidal iron oxides. |
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The process involves the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides, followed by a condensation reaction to produce metal oxides. |
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We found that this material, now coated with iron oxides, is an excellent absorbent for removing arsenic from water. |
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Iron oxides and arsenic exhibit tight bonding properties, and oxides are relatively cheap materials. |
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In general, the hydroxamates are used for flotation of oxidic minerals, rare-earth oxides and oxide copper minerals. |
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Slight oxidability of copper at high temperatures leads to contamination of the seam metal with high-melting oxides. |
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Oxidizers destroy volatile organic compounds whereas selective catalytic reduction removes nitrous oxides from airstreams. |
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The addition of metal oxides into the glass network leads a depolymerisation of P-O-P bond and creation of non-bridging oxygen. |
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Dissolution of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides in hydrochloric and perchloric acids. |
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Denitrification is a microbial-mediated release of inert dinitrogen gas and potentially nitrogen oxides including nitrous oxide. |
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Nitrogen oxides, formed by the burning of fossil fuels, generate photochemical smog. |
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The project will also cut down carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. |
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The project will also measurably reduce carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. |
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It is important to use flux when soldering or oxides on the metal will prevent a good bond. |
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These minerals are primarily carbonates, sulfides, or oxides of the metal, mixed with other components such as silica and alumina. |
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Roasting the carbonate and sulfide minerals in air converts them to oxides. |
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In the case of Proust's tin oxides, one tin atom will combine with either one or two oxygen atoms. |
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These early humans used manganese and iron oxides to paint pictures and may have created one early lunar calendar around 15,000 years ago. |
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Evidence for this lies in older rocks that contain massive banded iron formations that were laid down as iron oxides. |
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This step exploits the relatively easy reduction of copper oxides to copper metal. |
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Zinc is a chalcophile, meaning the element has a low affinity for oxides and prefers to bond with sulfides. |
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In moist air or moist argon, the metal oxidizes rapidly, producing a mixture of oxides and hydrides. |
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Refractory metals such as tantalum and tungsten along with the more stable oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides and silicides can tolerate this. |
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If the alloying metal is sufficiently reductive, plutonium can be added in the form of oxides or halides. |
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The rocks formed at that time were stained red by iron oxides, the result of intense heating by the sun of a surface devoid of vegetation cover. |
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Natural gas produces far lower amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides than other fossil fuels. |
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Pollutants include nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds and heavy metals. |
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Many inorganic substances are insoluble too, including most metal oxides, sulfides, and silicates. |
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The amount of deuterium oxides or heavy water is very small, but it still affects the properties of water. |
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During the cleanup and recovery process, it will also generate air pollutants such as nitric oxides and ozone from ships. |
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Inorganic compounds are processed minerals such as iron oxides, talc, and zinc oxide. |
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Most of the Earth's crust consists of solid oxides, the result of elements being oxidized by the oxygen in air or in water. |
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Individual elements can often form multiple oxides, each containing different amounts of the element and oxygen. |
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Due to its electronegativity, oxygen forms stable chemical bonds with almost all elements to give the corresponding oxides. |
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The surface of most metals consists of oxides and hydroxides in the presence of air. |
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Some polymeric oxides depolymerize when heated to give molecules, examples being selenium dioxide and sulfur trioxide. |
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Since metals that are reactive form oxides that are stable, some metal oxides must be electrolyzed to be reduced. |
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In the 18th century, oxides were named calxes or calces after the calcination process used to produce oxides. |
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It is manufactured in a blast furnace fed with diabase rock which contains very low levels of metal oxides. |
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The recovery and reuse of oxides of nitrogen was an important economic consideration in the operation of a chamber process plant. |
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Nitrogen oxides are absorbed to form nitrosylsulfuric acid, which is then returned to the Glover tower to reclaim the oxides of nitrogen. |
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The applied current was particularly effective in reducing surface oxides that increased the emissivity of the filaments. |
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Depleted uranium projectiles after impacting the target ignite, producing particles of uranium oxides. |
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The unpurenesses caused by oxides such as Ti02, CaO, MgO, Na20 and S02 are not out of limit needed to be obeyed in the ceramic industry. |
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Cholesterol is an unstable molecule, readily oxidized in the presence of air to form highly atherogenic cholesterol oxides. |
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Zircon, opaque minerals, titanite and Fe oxides are present in the rock as accessory minerals. |
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The inclusions, too, are a function of the steel-making, and include oxides, silicates, aluminates, and sulfides. |
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Ehlert, The application of a soft x-ray spectrometer to study the oxygen and fluorine emission lines from oxides and fluorites, Adv. |
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Silver and gold have rather low chemical affinities for oxygen, lower than copper, and it is therefore expected that silver oxides are thermally quite unstable. |
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Among the crystalline schists of many regions, green beds or green schists occur, which consist of quartz, hornblende, chlorite or biotite, iron oxides, feldspar, etc. |
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The copper projects are the expansion of Phase III Collahuasi, Hypogene Quebrada Blanca, Relincho, Inca de Oro, San Antonio oxides, Santo Domingo and Phase II Andina. |
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The synergy between the quasi zero-dimensional elements and functional oxides with an exceptional range of properties opens a completely new concept to nanoelectronics. |
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The following table gives examples of commonly encountered oxides. |
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For example, molecular sieve processes require large bed sizes and very short cycle times, and reactions with metal oxides result in a nonregenerable waste product. |
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Fungi have been shown to biomineralize uranium oxides, suggesting they may have application in the bioremediation of radioactively polluted sites. |
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The iron oxides that form as corrosion on rebar and other steel elements are mixtures of ferrimagnet crystallites distinguished by differences in stoichiometry and structure. |
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Carefully placed metal oxides in the form of rust flakes, wire wool and fragments of bronze are now the basis of her decoration, in an ongoing process of development. |
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The past magnetic field is recorded mostly by strongly magnetic minerals, particularly iron oxides such as magnetite, that can carry a permanent magnetic moment. |
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His study found that isoprene, once it is altered chemically via exposure to the sun, reacts with man-made nitrogen oxides to create particulate matter. |
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To track the cycle of nitrogen in the atmosphere, they studied dinitrogen pentoxide, a molecule that results from the oxidation of nitrogen oxides. |
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Placer environments typically contain black sand, a conspicuous shiny black mixture of iron oxides, mostly magnetite with variable amounts of ilmenite and hematite. |
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Other gaseous emissions in the flue gas from incinerator furnaces include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, heavy metals, and fine particles. |
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Regarding high potential of food industry in using nano knowledge, nanoparticles metal oxides can be utilized in antiseptic and germicide systems. |
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It has used organic phosphine oxides as electron transport materials. |
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In addition, the clay minerals included common mica, occasional garnet group minerals, apatite, and rare titanite, ilmenite, zircon, rutile and iron oxides. |
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The aluminium, iron, and magnesium oxides are present as a flux allowing the calcium silicates to form at a lower temperature, and contribute little to the strength. |
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The Hamhung plant reportedly has the capacity to process 1,500 tons per year of monazite, from which 400 tons of rare earth metals and oxides can be processed. |
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Inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans replication by nitrogen oxides supports the role of these molecules as effectors of macrophage-mediated cytostasis. |
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Decoration is done by incising and slip-trailing the designs, and colour is added using underglazes and natural oxides before the pots are finished with a clear glaze. |
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The SNCR is meant to clean nitrogen oxides from the plant's emissions. |
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Magnified images that reveal the specific shapes of mineral will provide additional clues to the origin of the iron oxides at either landing site, notes Bell. |
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These problems, including eutrophication caused by ammonia and nitrogen oxides, as well as damage caused by O3 to plants, are still widespread across Europe, it concluded. |
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When heated, flux activators begin removing existing oxides from solderable surfaces, and continue removing new ones that form during the heating process. |
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Nitrogen oxides foster smog production, he says, and their concentrations are expected to decline in response to newly implemented standards for industrial emissions. |
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These studies were focused on the tantalate, niobate, titanate and tungstate systems, and their chemistry with alkaline-earth and rare-earth oxides. |
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Then he tried silicon carbide which held the carbon combined with the silica until glaze melt when the carbon was then able to reduce the oxides in the moulten glaze. |
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The analogy of these bases to metallic oxides and their valuable applications in medicine have rendered the class a favourite study with both chemists and pharmacians. |
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Mineralization principally consists of copper oxides, malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, and atacamite and to lesser extent chalcopyrite and bornite. |
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As a result the unit, which removes sulfur oxides from the gas created by the refining process, and is therefore a critical environmental process, was badly damaged. |
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He covers carbon, dicarbon, and tricarbon cumulenes before looking beyond carbon to azides, triazaallenium salts, sulfur oxides, sulfur nitrides, and cationic boron. |
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These six pollutants, also known as criteria pollutants, are carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, ozone, and lead. |
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Microsphere Technology coats borosilicate glass microspheres and aluminosilicate ceramic cenospheres with coatings based on metals, metal oxides, pigments, and dyes. |
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At standard conditions, oxides may range from solids to gases. |
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Although most metal oxides are polymeric, some oxides are molecules. |
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Examples of molecular oxides are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. |
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Certain elements can form many different oxides, such those of nitrogen. |
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These oxides are also water-insoluble and resist long-term elution. |
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Unlike the metals that form passivating oxide layers, iron oxides occupy more volume than the metal and thus flake off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion. |
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Metallic or native iron is rarely found on the surface of the Earth because it tends to oxidize, but its oxides are pervasive and represent the primary ores. |
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High temperature also leads to production of nitrogen oxides. |
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Their precise role in the interplay between itinerance and localisation, long known to underpin Mottness in d-band oxides, has however received much less attention. |
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Phosphorus and antimony oxides and their reaction products can be formed from some fire retardant additives, increasing smoke toxicity and corrosivity. |
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The presence of metals in the fuel yields particles of metal oxides. |
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In very shallow water bodies, iron oxides make water reddish brown. |
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Nitrogen Oxides, primarily from automobile exhaust, ramp up ozone production to toxic levels. |
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Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen react with water vapor in the atmosphere and then are precipitated out as acid rain. |
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Oxides have a range of different structures, from individual molecules to polymeric and crystalline structures. |
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Roth, High Temperature Reactions of Uranium Dioxide With Various Metallic Oxides, Natl. |
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