Unlike aluminum, copper metal is fairly easy to obtain chemically from its ores. |
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The Northern Pennine orefield has been an important source of lead, fluorspar, and other metallic and nonmetallic ores for many centuries. |
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The simple reason for this is that these ores weren't all conveniently excavated from quarries on his doorstep. |
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Little heat is needed in the roasting of sulfide ores because the oxidation of the sulfide ion to sulfur dioxide is exothermic. |
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Its down-dip sulfide ores were sideritic and pyritic, with golden barite forming one of the gangue minerals. |
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Soda is one of the most common ores of sodium found in nature and it was used very early in human history to make glass. |
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Problems with the treatment of the fluorspar ores to remove silica evidently limited the success of the mine during this period. |
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Colloidal phenomena are key in the separation of minerals from their ores by particle flotation. |
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The reaction of some hydrocarbons with iron ores is exothermic, so that additional heat may not be required. |
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The first discovery of pitchblende in the United States was associated with gold ores at the Wood mine in Gilpin County. |
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This source of ore is quite iron poor, unlike the ores that were later to be quarried out from cliff faces. |
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The most common ores of nickel are pentlandite, pyrrhotite, and garnierite. |
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Holmium is extracted from its ores by heating calcium metal with holmium fluoride. |
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The most important single application of oxygen is in metallurgy where it is used to extract metals from their ores. |
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Iron, in contrast, combines with elements such as oxygen and sulphur to make mineral ores. |
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Microbial mining reactions can, on the other hand, be turned to commercial advantage to extract metals from low-grade ores. |
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They live in mountainous regions, and mine ores and metal to craft weapons. |
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This deposit is the biggest in Bulgaria and in Europe for underground extract of gold-copper ores. |
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In my view, the commodity boom is a reminder that the supply of ores, minerals and metals is not infinitely flexible. |
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Activities such as mining and manufacturing greatly increase the release of heavy metals from rocks and ores. |
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Water entrapped by molten metal or slag may generate explosive forces that launch hot metal or material ores over a wide area. |
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In an exhibition of mineral ores those of copper first attract the attention, providing a joy to the eye as do those of no other metal. |
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The study of rocks, ores and minerals is an integral part of Geology class in school. |
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Indium is obtained by extracting it from zinc ores while they are being processed to produce zinc metal. |
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Specimens of minerals, ores, and gemstones began to be saved for their scientific value and as natural curiosities. |
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Mercury is now extracted from its ores by a method that has been used for hundreds of years. |
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Students are taught how to make their own pigments from mineral sources such as ores, soils and carbon black. |
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Ely and Raymond became partners and raised funds to build a stamp mill at Hiko Springs to process ores from their claims. |
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Another corner of the display showed zoological specimens, minerals and ores, and surgical instruments. |
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Rich ores locally containing abundant native silver were mined at numerous localities in New Mexico. |
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It is a gangue mineral in ores from the Star, Hobo, and Princess mines at Central, Grant County. |
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Typically, these ores have been milled and floated to produce a concentrate of higher metal grades. |
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Figure 10.0 shows the composition of ilmenite, mineral rutile, beneficiated ores and other, non-commercial ores. |
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The major export items are dominated by commodities, such as petroleum, metalliferous ores and scrap, coal, non-ferrous metal and gold. |
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The element is almost invariably found in conjunction with ores of zirconium, especially zircon and baddeleyite. |
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Locally stalactitic malachite, occasionally associated with well-crystallized azurite, occurred in the copper ores at Corocoro, Bolivia. |
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As already mentioned, lead occurs in British Columbia, mainly in the form of argentiferous galena or silver lead ores. |
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His recovery of the rare and vital ores of tantalum, lithium, and beryllium greatly aided the War Production Board. |
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It never occurs as a free element, but only in ores such as pyrolusite, manganite, psilomelane, and rhodochrosite. |
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Its compounds tend to be found with ores of other metals, such as lead, silver, gold, and cobalt. |
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It is extracted from its ores by heating lanthanum metal with ytterbium oxide. |
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Bacterial redox reactions with minerals are already being exploited in mining low grade or inaccessible ores. |
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It was also used in the production of metals from their ores. |
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This was partially due to a lack of technology to concentrate the deeper unoxidized ores and the high cost of transportation to the nearest railhead. |
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Mining of uranium ores has been a controversial issue because of its use in atomic weapons and the potential for accidents at nuclear power stations. |
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Within the gaunt pinnacles, in colours that represent ores and igneous rock, Ancient Egyptians, Semites and Nabataeans have left evidence of passage. |
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The formation of mineral deposits and metalliferous vein ores in recognizable crystalline forms took his attention and were carefully described in scientific fashion. |
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The ores generally yielded a blend of gold and silver with copper. |
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No skarn or tactite ores have been reported from the district. |
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By then several boracic fluxes had been developed for assaying metal ores. |
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The primary ores of cobalt are cobaltite, erythrite, and smaltite. |
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It was more difficult to use coal where higher temperatures were needed to smelt metals, for the fuel came into contact with the ores and introduced impurities. |
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Oxidative calcination is commonly used to convert metal sulfide ores to oxides in the first step of recovering such metals as zinc, lead, and copper. |
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In the case of certain ores containing relatively inactive metals such as mercury, separation can be achieved by heating the ore in air, i.e., by oxidative calcination. |
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Its most common ores are lepidolite, carnallite, and pollucite. |
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Magnesium is extracted from its ores by one of two processes. |
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These metals are typically won from polymetallic ores rich in sulfosalts. |
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The most common ores of holmium are monazite and gadolinite. |
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They were pioneers in the use of local ores, albeit ironstones from coal measures rather than the celebrated haematites of the Carboniferous Limestone series. |
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The francium that does exist is found in trace amounts in uranium ores. |
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The basket of Indian exports to China comprised mainly iron and steel, ores, plastics, organic chemicals, cotton, mineral fuels, natural or cultured pearls, fish and paper. |
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Around 3000 b.c., the Sumerians found that they could obtain copper from certain earths, or ores, by heating the earths with a source of carbon such as straw. |
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They noted that in the Champion mine siderite is abundant, occurring as the chief gangue mineral of the sulfide ores in the dolomitic beds in the Sawatch Quartzite. |
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Mining has been focused on iron ore for centuries but other ores has been mined as well. |
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The cost of shipping ores from distant countries, and the growth of foreign competitors, ended Glamorgan's dominance of the industry. |
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Easy access to Cornish ores and a local outcropping of coal near the surface, gave Swansea economic advantages in the smelting industry. |
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So the primary production of silver requires the smelting and then cupellation of argentiferous lead ores, a historically important process. |
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Performance for the quarter at the Con Mine continued to be driven by improved mined grade for free-milling ores. |
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The situation changed with the discovery of cupellation, a technique that allowed silver metal to be extracted from its ores. |
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Refinement of sulfidic zinc ores produces large volumes of sulfur dioxide and cadmium vapor. |
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The element is normally found in association with other base metals such as copper and lead in ores. |
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Many metals are superior to lead in some of these aspects but are generally less common and more difficult to extract from parent ores. |
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This includes production of silver, iron, copper and other base metals from their ores. |
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On Earth, gold is found in ores in rock formed from the Precambrian time onward. |
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As most ores are impure, it is often necessary to use flux, such as limestone, to remove the accompanying rock gangue as slag. |
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They were made redundant with the introduction of explosives, although hydraulic mining is still used on alluvial tin ores. |
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Such iron, being in its native metallic state, required no smelting of ores. |
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The land away from the coast is rich in minerals and ores, and mining forms the second largest industry. |
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Iron oxide mixed with aluminium powder can be ignited to create a thermite reaction, used in welding and purifying ores. |
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In fact, iron is so common that production generally focuses only on ores with very high quantities of it. |
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They appear to be the first to understand the production of iron from its ores and regard it highly in their society. |
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The need for metal ores stimulated trade, as many of the areas of early human settlement were lacking in ores. |
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The power of a wave of water released from a tank was used for extraction of metal ores in a method known as hushing. |
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Hushing was also widely used in Britain in the Medieval and later periods to extract lead and tin ores. |
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The ores must be processed to extract the metals of interest from the waste rock and from the ore minerals. |
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This is because the worldwide distribution of ores is unequal and dislocated from locations of peak demand and from smelting infrastructure. |
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This generally makes determining the price of ores of this nature opaque and difficult. |
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The World Bank reports that China was the top importer of ores and metals in 2005 followed by the US and Japan. |
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High quality ores, water power for bellows for blast and wood for charcoal are readily obtainable in Sweden. |
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This acidic water is capable of dissolving metals present in sulfide ores, which results in brightly colored, toxic streams. |
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Newport is the busiest UK port for iron and steel and Port Talbot is the third busiest for ores. |
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The mine was worked on and off with various changes in operation, and under different owners, with lead, barium and zinc ores being extracted. |
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The main yields were lead and zinc ores, in particular galena, blende, cerussite and gossan. |
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It is chemically unrelated to the metal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of the name. |
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These rocks are rich in minerals and metalliferous sulfide ores such as Galena, Sphalerite, Chalcopyrite and Bravoite. |
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These naturally occurring ores typically included arsenic as a common impurity. |
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The main production centres in China are in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, extracting both wolframite and scheelite bearing ores. |
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Boron ores are mined to extract minerals such as colemanite, kernite, tincal, and ulexite. |
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Most environmental arsenic occurs naturally, appearing in deposits of minerals and ores including arsenopyrite, enargite, and proustite. |
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A reprive was given to producers of certain mineral ores including copper, iron ore, lead and zinc concentrates. |
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European industrialists sought raw materials such as dyes, cotton, vegetable oils, and metal ores from overseas. |
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Titanium dioxide is mined from either the natural ores of ilmenite and leucoxene or rutile beach sand. |
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Some of the deposits, such as the magnetite ores at Magnitogorsk, are already nearly depleted. |
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It is believed to be the maiden process that can treat the full laterite profile, from limonitic to saprolitic ores utilising a single flowsheet. |
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It is believed to be the only process capable of treating the full laterite profile, from limonitic to saprolitic ores in a single flowsheet. |
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The IBISWorld Iron Ore Mining in China industry report consists of companies mainly engaged in mining and beneficiating iron ores. |
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The Copper Ore Mining in China industry report is comprised of enterprises mainly engaged in mining and beneficiating copper ores. |
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The Ural Mountains contain about 48 species of economically valuable ores and economically valuable minerals. |
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During the 17th century the first deposits of iron and copper ores, mica, gemstones and other minerals were discovered in the Ural. |
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Copper is extracted from the sulfide ores, while gold and silver are extracted from both the sulfide and the oxide ores. |
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Russia has a wide natural resource base, including major deposits of timber, petroleum, natural gas, coal, ores and other mineral resources. |
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Metallurgists work on all parts of a metal's life cycle, from when ores are first mined until metal objects are recycled into new materials. |
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Cleveland iron ore is high in phosphorus and needs to be mixed with purer ores, such as those on the west coast in Cumberland and Lancashire. |
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In Russia, bog ore was the principal source of iron until the 16th century, when the superior ores of Ural Mountains became available. |
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The new machines are designed for efficient excavation of nickeliferous ores at lower levels in the mine. |
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It produces coke, used in the conversion of ores into metals, from coking coal that comes from mines. |
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This developed for agriculture and extraction of mineral ores into the bronze and Iron Ages. |
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Siberia is extraordinarily rich in minerals, containing ores of almost all economically valuable metals. |
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Other minerals include china clay and ores of copper, lead, zinc and tungsten. |
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The oolites at Cedar Hill and Russell Mountain laed us to the conclusion that these bedded ores are of undoubted sedimentary origin. |
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The ores are characterized by massive purple and green replacement fluorites, and by large crystals deposited in vugs. |
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Wales has also had a significant history of mining for slate, gold and various metal ores. |
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His work describes the highly developed and complex processes of mining metal ores, metal extraction and metallurgy of the time. |
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Hacksilber objects in these Phoenician hoards have lead isotope ratios that match ores in Sardinia and Spain. |
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Images are painted in thick layers of deep red that contain iron oxide from ores such as haematite, which is readily available in the Zuo Valley. |
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Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age copper artefacts from the Balkans and their relation to Serbian copper ores. |
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Copper production from polymetallic sulphide ores in the northeastern Balkan Eneolithic culture. |
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By heating together tin and copper, which were in abundance in the area, the Beaker culture people made bronze, and later iron from iron ores. |
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The field also magnetizes the crust, and magnetic anomalies can be used to search for deposits of metal ores. |
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Sedimentary rocks are also important sources of natural resources like coal, fossil fuels, drinking water or ores. |
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Silver, he writes, does not occur in native form and has to be mined, usually occurring with lead ores. |
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Another work by Theophrastus, On Stones was cited as a source on ores and minerals. |
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The Baltic Shield yields important industrial minerals and ores, such as those of iron, nickel, copper and platinum group metals. |
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For example, a mining engineer and geologist may target metallic ores such as galena for lead or chalcopyrite for copper. |
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Geologists and engineers drill core samples and conduct surface surveys searching for specific compounds and ores. |
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Double salts are often less soluble, and the low solubility of caesium aluminium sulfate is exploited in refining Cs from ores. |
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Here the local sulpharsenide ores were smelted to produce the first copper axes used in Britain and Ireland. |
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However, small amounts exist as spontaneous fission products in uranium ores. |
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Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or the product of neutron capture in molybdenum ores. |
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The fell is rich in mineral ores and has been mined extensively for many centuries with tungsten, lead, arsenic and iron all being extracted from the fell. |
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Even after improved smelting technology made mined ores viable during the Middle Ages, bog ore remained important, particularly to peasant iron production, into modern times. |
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Focusing on rocks and mineral ores, the next three chapters chronologically describe the development of stamp mills and crushers, roller mills, and tumbling mills. |
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The concentrated stains produce a full spectrum of colors derived from earth elements in the metals and transition element group, and from ores, and refined chemicals. |
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However, later a large number of new minerals were discovered from the manganese and iron ores, such as kombatite, asisite, johninnesite and amaraite. |
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Some were used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores, others have some organic residues associated with food, and still others were employed as funerary urns. |
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Close analysis of the bronze tools associated with beaker use suggests an early Iberian source for the copper, followed subsequently by Central European and Bohemian ores. |
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However, tin and lead can be smelted by placing the ores in a wood fire, leaving the possibility that the discovery may have occurred by accident. |
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The plant, which is here described, for bricking fine ores and flue dust, was designed and the plans produced in the engineering department of the Selby smelter. |
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Native copper does not naturally occur in large amounts, but copper ores are quite common and some of them produce metal easily when burned in wood or charcoal fires. |
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Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland. |
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However, in comparison gold and silver ores are mostly depleted today. |
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It is exceptionally rich in minerals, containing large deposits of gold, diamonds, and ores of manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum. |
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For example, each country, including Albania, built steel mills regardless of whether they lacked the requisite resource of energy and mineral ores. |
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The children are creuseurs, that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. |
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The production of metals involves the processing of ores to extract the metal they contain, and the mixture of metals, sometimes with other elements, to produce alloys. |
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It begins with copper minerals and the first working of native copper in the Neolithic, which led to small-scale copper smelting from oxidic ores in the Chalcolithic. |
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Copper mining is mentioned, using a variety of ores including copper pyrites and marcasite, some of the mining being underground, some on the surface. |
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Metallic or native iron is rarely found on the surface of the Earth because it tends to oxidize, but its oxides are pervasive and represent the primary ores. |
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Regional prospecting for ores based on heavy minerals in glacial till. |
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Entrepreneurs had begun to mine and smelt the local iron ores. |
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Shipping was also important in the county, with coal and lime being imported in coastal vessels, and mineral ores and oak bark for tanning being exported. |
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The Heads of the Valleys towns, including Rhymney, Tredegar and Ebbw Vale, rose out of the industrial revolution, producing coal, metal ores and later steel. |
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This reactivity is the basis of many practical processes such, as the extraction of some metals from their ores in the process called hydrometallurgy. |
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From 1879 to 1928, it was a profitable venture for the raising of lead and zinc ores and is believed to hold further reserves should the economic situation improve. |
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A unique concentration in Phoenicia of silver hoards dated between 1200 and 800 BC, however, contains hacksilver with lead isotope ratios matching ores in Sardinia and Spain. |
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These alloys found important applications in industry that resulted in a great demand for the rhenium produced from the molybdenite fraction of porphyry copper ores. |
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