| England adhered to mercantilism for two centuries and, possessing a more lucrative empire than France, strove to implement the policy by a series of navigation acts. |
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| Thorbecke, especially in his first and second ministries, promoted free trade through navigation acts and abolition of excise duties and sponsored the construction of new canals and waterways. |
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| From 1850 to 1880 the Norwegian shipping industry enjoyed a large boom, stimulated by the abolishing of the British Navigation Acts. |
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| Additionally, later ministries moved to change the Navigation Acts that had limited Irish merchants' terms of trade with Britain and its empire. |
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| In the 1840s, Britain adopted a less protectionist policy, with the repeal of the Corn Laws and the Navigation Acts. |
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| In England, the Navigation Acts were among the British effort to regulate trade. |
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| In 1651, the Parliament of England sought to regulate trade in America by passing the Navigation Acts, ensuring that trade only enriched Britain. |
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| In 1651, England passed the Navigation Acts, which damaged Dutch trade interests. |
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| The Navigation Acts expelled foreign merchants from England's domestic trade. |
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| On October 9, the Navigation Acts were passed to ensure that trade enriched only Britain, barring trade with other nations. |
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| Moreover, the Navigation Acts further increased economic dependence on England by limiting Scotland's shipping, and the Royal Scots Navy was tiny. |
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| Queen Elizabeth promoted the Trade and Navigation Acts in Parliament and issued orders to her navy for the protection and promotion of English shipping. |
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