| During this time the dissolved protein molecules are spontaneously adsorbed on the quartz surface. |
|
| But orgies of organic molecules are not life, just as flour, water, yeast, and salt are not bread. |
|
| Kerosene and the rest of the organic mixture's lighter components evaporated, leaving behind the heavier molecules that make up tar and asphalt. |
|
| These aluminosilicates form porous structures whose cavities can act as storage for ions and molecules. |
|
| These tests are basically a form of qualitative analysis, determining the individual molecules that are present. |
|
| Antibiotics are among the most valuable molecules in medicine today because of their ability to destroy micro-organisms like bacteria. |
|
| Intermolecular interactions are most significant in liquid and solid phases where molecules are very close together. |
|
| We next wanted to demonstrate the utility of sRET in conditions where the acceptor and donor molecules were not covalently linked. |
|
| Peroxidases are haem-containing enzymes which mediate oxidation of a variety of molecules using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. |
|
| Lone pairs of electrons play a critical role in determining the three-dimensional shape of molecules. |
|
| This amount of water also corresponds to the two molecules of water of crystallization per molecule of trehalose. |
|
| The shell is freely permeable to small gas molecules, including water vapor. |
|
| A generalization to molecular crystals built up from dipolar but achiral molecules was recently presented. |
|
| The downfield resonance is attributed to molecules on the highly curved region of the bicelle torus. |
|
| Created by scattering x rays off of water, the movies show electrons sloshing in water molecules, and each frame lasts just 4 attoseconds. |
|
| Surprisingly, the dye molecules seem to be bound predominantly to the outer surface of the lipid bilayer. |
|
| In this plate we explore three methods for the passive transport of molecules through the plasma membrane. |
|
| These two molecules are assembled together to form a semi-crystalline starch granule. |
|
| Metallic oxides are bases because the oxide ions accept protons from water molecules, thereby generating hydroxide ions in solution. |
|
| Lewis structures can also be written for more complex molecules that have a chain of bonded atoms instead of a single central atom. |
|
|
|
| Upon the application of Tc, the TetR repressor molecules are released from the tet operators and transcription is activated. |
|
| The energy that is required to activate molecules for a chemical reaction is the activation energy of the reaction. |
|
| When a lot of the sun's radiant energy makes it to Earth, it transmits energy to the atoms and molecules in the air and ground. |
|
| The most common ill effects of exposure to radioactivity result from the ionization of water molecules by the radiation. |
|
| Moreover the molecules of maleic acid are polar and are easily hydrated by the polar water molecules. |
|
| Initial positions of the malate molecules and sodium ions were assigned by the following procedure. |
|
| The Raman effect arises from the inelastic scattering of radiation in the visible region by molecules. |
|
| In the open atmosphere many solid materials are covered by a layer of molecules adsorbed from the gas. |
|
| These species may be metal ions, surface defects, or adsorbed molecules or ions with one or more unpaired electrons. |
|
| This is because a certain number of molecules are needed to adsorb at the surface to affect the surface tension. |
|
| This procedure leaves for measurements only these molecules that are strongly adsorbed to the glass surface. |
|
| The adsorption of surfactant molecules onto the aggregate surface changes the nature the surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. |
|
| This protein, a carrier of small hydrophobic molecules including retinoic acid, has the potential to modulate lymphatic responses. |
|
| The cells bear identical surface immunoglobulin molecules with either kappa or lambda light chains, but not a mixture of the two. |
|
| This radioactive source constantly gives off high-energy electrons, which collide with the sample molecules and the carrier gas to form ions. |
|
| Some molecules are heavily methylated while others are not, consistent with our previous observations. |
|
| Zeolites can soak up liquid or gas molecules and also catalyze chemical reactions. |
|
| In its simplest form, it provides qualitative explanations for the formation and reactivity of molecules. |
|
| And by making the particles chemically reactive, scientists are building exquisitely sensitive sensors that can detect individual molecules. |
|
| Immobilization of large dextran molecules in agarose was achieved by electron beam irradiation. |
|
|
|
| In plants, a babble of water and small molecules flows through the plasmodesmata between cells. |
|
| After coating the glass with a silane reagent containing aldehyde groups, they used Schiff's base chemistry to immobilise the protein molecules. |
|
| This method resulted in an almost instant purification of molecules, using filtration to separate the chemical reagents from the products. |
|
| Temperature also measures the degree of agitation of molecules in a liquid or a gas. |
|
| When two gas molecules collide, they can reapportion their energy in any way that leaves the total unchanged. |
|
| In Kevlar it's the good alignment of molecules that generates the high strength. |
|
| Exposing the fabric to the oxygen in air and heating it for a while changes the molecules back to indigo. |
|
| The program, like electricity, is a stream of information through molecules and it flows through when the set is turned on. |
|
| Similar picosecond time constants and spectral signatures have been observed for the cooling of a number of dye molecules including azobenzene. |
|
| According to kinetic molecular theory, pressure arises from the impact of gas molecules on container walls. |
|
| The molecules convert their kinetic energy into potential energy when they rise into the air just like the ball did. |
|
| Thus the main diffusion hindrance for these molecules should be the tortuosity of the diffusion path. |
|
| This situation rather suggests that the fluorescence spectrum is an ensemble average over molecules with different degrees of torsion. |
|
| The notion of using molecules as the working elements of a computer goes back several decades. |
|
| In a similar way, both hydroxide ions and water molecules may act as nucleophiles by reacting with alkyl halides to produce alcohols. |
|
| The answer lies in the fact that these molecules are removed from our daily diets by refinement processes. |
|
| On the SE side, chaperone molecules would be required for the correct re-formation of the protein. |
|
| Thus far, these patients have proved relatively refractory to potential therapies interfering with individual molecules. |
|
| The catalytic enzyme is regenerated after each activation and able to react anew with additional prodrug molecules. |
|
| It will also act on other small molecules, including methanol and ethylene glycol. |
|
|
|
| Whilst the cheese is maturing the long molecules break down, especially those of the lactoprotein. |
|
| Many biologically important molecules are destroyed by exposure to x-radiation and can only be investigated by a rapid exposure method. |
|
| Hodgkin used X-ray crystallography to study the structure of biologically interesting molecules. |
|
| This enabled us to probe the ability of the protein to bind to different phospholipid molecules. |
|
| The Y-axis of the graph counts up the density of the molecules, in number of molecules per cubic centimeter of atmosphere. |
|
| Structurally, avicins are part of a greater family of molecules called triterpenoid saponins. |
|
| Moreover, once bound to a target protein, the scaffold could occlude the binding of other molecules that normally interact with the protein. |
|
| A second component of these molecules was identified as an amide or an amino acid. |
|
| Ammonia and the organic amines, molecules in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by organic groups, are weak bases. |
|
| Protein molecules are large biological polymers of small molecules called amino acids, and each protein has a unique amino-acid sequence. |
|
| These are specialized molecules that can latch on to antigens and help the rest of the immune system eliminate the foreign particle. |
|
| Each of these groups of molecules contains a unique fatty acid group and a peptidic head group that latches on to iron ions. |
|
| If the solution is cooled quickly, the molecules are frozen where they are, forming a glass-like amorphous solid. |
|
| In our present paper, we added a spherical nanoparticle interacting attractively with the hydrophilic segments of amphiphilic molecules. |
|
| Their experiments show that the Gal and Lac repressers form antiparallel loops on longer DNA molecules. |
|
| The extract inhibits the activity of the enzyme alpha amylase, which breaks down starches into simple sugar molecules. |
|
| In vitro it will act on both amylose and amylopectin, and can catalyse the formation of large circular molecules from both of these substrates. |
|
| By molecules, we generally mean assemblies of a discrete, countable number of atoms. |
|
| Inside these micro particles is genetic material and large molecules called proteins which confer drug resistance. |
|
| During anabolism, small molecules are changed into larger, more complex molecules of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. |
|
|
|
| Casein, the predominant milk protein, is made up primarily of alpha, beta and kappa casein-type molecules. |
|
| The residence time of the participating water molecules can vary significantly. |
|
| Some organic molecules may carry a positive and a negative charge on different parts of the molecule and are known as zwitterions. |
|
| Most seafood allergens are stable molecules, which resist the effects of cooking and processing. |
|
| All atomic clocks measure time in terms of the natural resonant frequencies of various atoms and molecules. |
|
| If high levels of both molecules are found, it indicates a leaky gut condition. |
|
| He went on to work on the interaction of diatomic molecules with precessing electrons, studying the angular momentum within the molecule itself. |
|
| A scanning tunneling microscope image shows liquid crystal molecules aligned on a sheet of graphite. |
|
| The molecules or anions attached to the central atom are called coordinating groups or ligands. |
|
| On electrically anisotropic samples containing oriented BR molecules, photoelectric response signals could be measured. |
|
| The difference was shown to be especially large in the case of two anisotropic molecules. |
|
| Fluorescence anisotropy is used to characterize rotational mobility of the fluorescing molecules or complexes. |
|
| Three of the left-handed coiled collagen molecules form a right-handed coiled triple helix called tropocollagen. |
|
| At one electrode, the anode, molecules of hydrogen gas break down into electrons and positively charged hydrogen ions. |
|
| These molecules appear to function antagonistically, especially regarding regulation of cell proliferation. |
|
| A small fraction, consistent with one or two molecules of tip retractions, show clear sawtooth patterns in force. |
|
| The more massive salt molecules themselves need a larger contribution of energy in order to excite them. |
|
| Scientists soon learned that they could use X-ray diffraction to learn how atoms and molecules were arranged in crystals. |
|
| Sediments on lake bottoms and sea beds are far richer in biomarker molecules than we might suspect. |
|
| At baseline, levels of circulating leucocytes and vascular cell adhesion molecules were elevated in the sickle cell mice. |
|
|
|
| One of the most convenient is Avogadro's number, 6.022 x 10 molecules per mole. |
|
| It is a simple chemical, and a viable hypothesis is that autointoxication by similar molecules may cause sporadic diseases. |
|
| Legume roots are known to exude various flavonoid and isoflavonoid molecules that induce expression of nod genes by bacteria in rhizobia. |
|
| Statistical thermodynamics can map out the energy distribution of the water molecules. |
|
| The vesicles were immobilized on supported bilayers and single-molecule analysis was performed for DNA molecules and hairpin ribozymes. |
|
| They placed the DNA copy between two ribozymes, RNA molecules that have enzymatic function and can cleave RNA sequence at specific locations. |
|
| For life to evolve, simple molecules have to combine to form more complex ones. |
|
| Diene elastomers can be recognized by the presence of double bonds in the main chains of the macromolecular molecules. |
|
| Ozone is especially menacing when it reacts with molecules involved in the functions of living organisms. |
|
| Because of their heavier weight, heavy water molecules evaporate less readily than light water molecules. |
|
| These cosolute molecules bathe and solvate the macromolecular solute as water does. |
|
| Seen here is a 2D stroboscopic history of the collision of four diatomic molecules, a tetratomic molecule, and an atom. |
|
| It is likely that similar results are obtained in all atoms simulations where apolar molecules have very small partial charges. |
|
| They would thus be able to promote the negative surface charge originally caused by the linoleate molecules. |
|
| Their approach is to use carrier molecules called liposomes, which are small, spherical fatty membranes. |
|
| Because of its porous nature, large molecules are able to diffuse into the canal and, although it is a vein, it carries aqueous humor, not blood. |
|
| But liquid crystals are made of cigar-shaped molecules that can line up into a preferred orientation. |
|
| Uranium molecules in the blood can travel to every part of the body, including the areas where sperm and eggs are. |
|
| They help roots scavenge more nutrients and water from the soil in exchange for sugar to make the molecules they need to live and grow. |
|
| Growth factors are intercellular signaling molecules that regulate cell proliferation by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. |
|
|
|
| The semipermeable membrane at the probe tip allows exchange of soluble molecules between the probe and the surrounding tissue. |
|
| Accordingly we distinguish between permanently internal and temporarily associated water molecules. |
|
| Their simulations suggest that the more flexible structures have fewer associated water molecules and counterions. |
|
| In its natural form it also has a couple of water molecules associated with the molecule. |
|
| In phospholipid membranes these loosely associated water molecules are in fast exchange with the bulk water phase. |
|
| In interactions with proteins and lipids, sucrose replaces water associations in the molecules and maintains structural integrity. |
|
| The close association allows these molecules to interact through opposing charged groups. |
|
| What is the key difference between your various structures, in how various tetratomic molecules have different shape? |
|
| More complex blocking molecules are produced by the Australian marine alga, Delisea pulchra. |
|
| As a platelet is activated it can release ADP and thromboxane, both potent autocatalytic molecules. |
|
| Until now, molecules with fewer than 60 carbon atoms have only been made in the gaseous phase. |
|
| Lam says that teleporting single atoms and molecules could be perfected within the next ten years. |
|
| Once removed from an atom, an electron may in turn ionize other atoms or molecules. |
|
| Until now it has been impossible for scientists to detect every atom in the structure of protein molecules, which play a vital role in the body. |
|
| Studies of complex biological molecules at the atomic level will play a crucial role in this process. |
|
| In 1908, Ostwald published his acceptance of atomic theory, since Perrin's experiments had proved that molecules actually do exist. |
|
| In the early days of modern atomic theory, the idea of diatomic molecules seemed counter-intuitive. |
|
| Association colloids are formed in solutions of molecules that include both lyophilic and lyophobic regions. |
|
| The attractive forces between molecules in a liquid are called surface tension forces and are what hold the liquid together. |
|
| Vertebrate hemoglobins are tetrameric molecules comprised of two distinct polypeptide chains. |
|
|
|
| These protein and lipid molecules are then transported inside lysosomes within the cell. |
|
| Messenger RNA molecules are templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. |
|
| Those experiments were conducted in the absence of the mechanical forces that may act on molecules during function in vivo. |
|
| The team made micelles from polymer molecules that have a water-attracting end and a water-avoiding end. |
|
| As the temperature of a substance is increased, so is the kinetic energy of the molecules. |
|
| Lidar uses a pulsating laser source and signals backscattered by molecules and particles are analysed using a specially designed telescope. |
|
| Analysis of its volatile components has identified the same molecules that give many familiar objects their distinctive scents. |
|
| A semipermeable membrane allows small solvent molecules to pass through, but not the larger solute molecules. |
|
| On the other hand, the weak site has a quadrangular pyramidal structure with three peptide carbonyl groups and two water molecules. |
|
| In this particular system, the absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. |
|
| They are compounds that scavenge free radicals of oxygen, unstable molecules given off by the body's many metabolic actions. |
|
| Rotational contributions were estimated in the semiclassical approximation for the free rotor considering both monomers and dimers as rigid molecules. |
|
| Since both domains of riboflavin synthase can bind ligand molecules, one would expect to observe separate sets of signals for ligands bound to each respective domain. |
|
| Reactions that occur between the aldehydic groups and other amino acids of adjoining molecules lead to cross-links between the molecules and the self-assembly into fibers. |
|
| Now, based on the study with protein molecules, Fungi are regarded as the nearest-neighbor kingdom of the Metazoa, a conclusion which is supported by others. |
|
| Many organic molecules and polymers have been observed to lase in the visible spectrum from the red to the blue, but success has been elusive at the deep blue wavelengths. |
|
| When the gas is hot enough, the compound molecules break apart, and the atoms recombine with the oxygen to form water, carbon dioxide and other products. |
|
| Depending on temperature or the presence of an electric potential difference, molecules in a liquid crystal can either be randomly, partially, or completely aligned. |
|
| Furthermore, they provide representations of the spatial distribution of the molecules during the reaction, allowing direct imaging of the molecule repartition on the lattice. |
|
| Some nonclassical MHC molecules function as a ligand to a natural killer cell receptor and send a signal to prevent the cell lysis by the NK cell. |
|
|
|
| Visitors will be able to see how liquid crystals react to light and heat and the York chemists use slime to demonstrate how branched molecules can make gels. |
|
| Both cell lines display a rather immature morphology, although in response to various molecules they can grow neuritic processes with terminal arborization. |
|
| Because temperature is a measure of the motion of molecules there is a theoretical absolute zero temperature at which all molecular motion would cease. |
|
| Many peptides and proteins interact strongly with amphiphilic molecules and these interactions are of vast importance, not only in vivo but also in technical applications. |
|
| The process involves forcing water through very fine membranes small enough to trap molecules of pollutants, but large enough to allow the water to pass. |
|
| These effectors can assume a vast diversity of chemical forms, ranging from simple inorganic molecules to complex nucleotides such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate. |
|
| Their decay proceeded without a ready supply of oxygen, producing hydrocarbons like methane instead of oxygen-bearing molecules. |
|
| Sulfur boosts glutathione because glutathione is, in part, made up of sulfur molecules, explains Hyman. |
|
| The asymmetry of water and ozone molecules causes the moments of inertia that govern the quanta of rotational motion to be different in each spatial direction. |
|
| Similarly, molecules in the gas phase occasionally strike the surface and are captured by the attraction of molecules in the liquid or solid phase. |
|
| Most commercial marble formed more than 230 million years ago, when heat and pressure within Earth's crust rearranged the molecules in limestone, forcing it to recrystallize. |
|
| Sugars are vital components of life, e.g. the 5-carbon sugars ribose and deoxyribose are part of the skeletons of our information storage molecules, RNA and DNA respectively. |
|
| When ice recrystallizes, water molecules migrate from smaller crystals to larger ones, thus increasing both crystal size and the probability of injury to the tissues. |
|
| Further experiments will address the problem of how many water molecules are required to facilitate and stabilise charge transfer to the zwitterion. |
|
| To answer those questions, Fuchs and her colleagues first isolated stem cells from the bulge by fusing antibodies to characteristic cell surface molecules. |
|
| It is this combination of experiment and theory that provides a new and detailed picture of the specific interaction between sodium ions and zwitterionic lipid molecules. |
|
| Stimulated emission with a beam that is red-shifted with respect to the excitation wavelength can quench the fluorescence of the excited molecules. |
|
| One of the things astrobiologists are interested in is trying to understand the formation of organic molecules in space, in interstellar clouds and meteorites. |
|
| She is an astrochemist who has studied the formation and destruction of dust and molecules in regions of our galaxy where stars are known to be forming. |
|
| For ions dissolved in water, the rapid exchange of water molecules around the cation usually provides the space for an anion to approach the cation. |
|
|
|
| That bias gave way several years ago, when astrochemists discovered molecules of ammonia and formaldehyde containing two deuterium atoms, adds Liz. |
|
| In just a few dozen years, astrochemists have gone from knowing nothing of molecules in space, to finding a plethora of them practically everywhere. |
|
| These water molecules are ripped apart and change into hydroxyl anions, each of which is negatively charged and has one oxygen ion with a proton attached. |
|
| The dynamic field of astrochemistry brings together ideas of physics, astrophysics, biology and chemistry to the study of molecules between stars, around stars and on planets. |
|
| Atoms, molecules, and dust particles floating in in, however, would reach an equilibrium temperature with the cosmic background radiation left over from the Big Bang. |
|
| This statement is certainly true in synchrotron-based X-ray crystallography, an area of study committed to solving detailed structures of molecules. |
|
| Ampb peptides are a new class of molecules where the photoisomerizable dye azobenzene is linked to the peptide moiety via a flexible methylene spacer. |
|
| There are nine paired microtubules per axoneme, and they are interconnected by dynein molecules, protruding at regular intervals like the legs of a millipede. |
|
| The structural preference of lipid mixtures for the lamellar or hexagonal phase is dictated by the minimization of molecular free energies of the component molecules. |
|
| Thixotropy is a property displayed by many systems, particularly those with complex molecules with long chains, familiar objects being tomato ketchup and thixotropic paint. |
|
| With these diatomic molecules, there is an Avogadro's number of diatomic molecules in the amount of gas that is equivalent to the relative molecular mass. |
|
| Genes, the organizers of inheritance, are composed of DNA, thread-like molecules which carry the hereditary instructions needed to build an organism and make it work. |
|
| These drugs block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules involved in tumor growth. |
|
| The human brain is made up of approximately 84 quintillion molecules that are woven together in incredibly complex strands and ribbons of clumpy gray goo. |
|
| The protein molecules are modeled as 120 deg sectors of a circle. |
|
| In both cities and forests, alkyl nitrates are made when nitrogen oxides, which are produced by automobile tailpipes and smokestacks, react with hydrocarbon molecules. |
|
| Prostaglandins and leukotrienes from arachidonic acid metabolism are highly inflammatory molecules, and play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma. |
|
| One structure, known as a micelle, is a small, spherical cluster of molecules that have the phosphate groups on the surface and the fatty acid tails on the interior. |
|
| The SDS molecules group together to form negatively charged micelles. |
|
| You can't fully understand how hemoglobin molecules interact until you've seen them depicted through a classical pas de deux. |
|
|
|
| This is an attractive but short-range force that acts between molecules. |
|
| She can reorganize her own molecules, make computers with her brain, talk to dinosaurs. |
|
| When HFCS is made from cornstarch, the fructose molecules are not bound to other sugar molecules. |
|
| The others are difficult to identify, since they reacted with other oxygen-bearing molecules in the soil. |
|
| The second group, usually soluble proteins, accepts as substrates small organic molecules, such as flavonoids, steroids, and xenobiotics with diverse chemical structures. |
|
| First they smell us, detecting molecules from bacteria on our skin and carbon dioxide from our breath. |
|
| A swift low-pressure airstream takes some molecules from this boundary layer and reduces molecular impacts on that surface of the wing across which the airstream moves faster. |
|
| They look like alanine molecules, or amino acids, or like chloroform. |
|
| This device measures the atomic weight, or mass, as well as the prevalence of various atoms or molecules, and it scans the components one at a time. |
|
| Markets are, in the short run, a random walk, right up there with Brownian motion of molecules in a coffee cup. |
|
| In catabolism, cells break down those large molecules to release energy and dispose of waste. |
|
| As a nerve impulse, or action potential, reaches the end of a presynaptic axon, molecules of neurotransmitter are released into the synaptic space. |
|
| The team found that in a nonionic solution, the molecules performed only as resistors. |
|
| The 5-nitroimidazole molecules are very potent anaerobicidal agents commonly used to treat or prevent Bacteroides infections. |
|
| They provide the apicobasal polarity of tubular cells and regulate the paracellular flux of molecules between urine and interstitium. |
|
| For some experiments, DCs were incubated with biopharmacological inhibitors to various molecules. |
|
| Duncan himself, however, seems to have alpine cerebrations embedded in his very molecules. |
|
| Endocytosis is a process which brings extracellular large molecules or other cells into the cell interior by cytomorphosis. |
|
| This suggested that the maximum concentration in cells without producing any cytoxicity was around 100 nM for the candidate molecules. |
|
| There are liquidogenous and gasogenous molecules, which co-exist in proportions depending upon the temperature. |
|
|
|
| On the other hand, a single snow crystal contains perhaps 100 million molecules, which can be arranged in a gigajillion different ways. |
|
| There is experimental evidence for the formation of coordination groups of hydroniums with several water molecules by hydrogen bridges. |
|
| Each petroleum variety has a unique mix of molecules, which define its physical and chemical properties, like color and viscosity. |
|
| They generally have from 5 to 40 carbon atoms per molecule, although trace amounts of shorter or longer molecules may be present in the mixture. |
|
| The shortest molecules, those with four or fewer carbon atoms, are in a gaseous state at room temperature. |
|
| The number of various molecules in an oil sample can be determined by laboratory analysis. |
|
| We should also remember that the very existence of atoms and molecules was not widely accepted for another 50 years. |
|
| As to the source of these particles, Thomson believed they emerged from the molecules of gas in the vicinity of the cathode. |
|
| These synthetic molecules can be used not only in medicine, but in creation of new materials. |
|
| These molecules are involved in the process of embryo implantation, membranogenesis, placentation, organogenesis and endometrial remodeling. |
|
| A polymer is a compound formed of repeating structural units called mers, whose atoms share electrons to form very large molecules. |
|
| This produces a macroscopic bound charge in the material even though all of the charges involved are bound to individual molecules. |
|
| There exist two different spin isomers of hydrogen diatomic molecules that differ by the relative spin of their nuclei. |
|
| Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. |
|
| In living organisms, DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a pair of molecules that are held tightly together. |
|
| When all the base pairs in a DNA double helix melt, the strands separate and exist in solution as two entirely independent molecules. |
|
| We show that all these ultra-thin nanomasks can be used for high-contrast quantum diffraction of massive molecules. |
|
| At the molecular level, ice consists of stacked layers of molecules with relatively weak bonds between layers. |
|
| The technique of immunogold labeling exploits the ability of the gold particles to adsorb protein molecules onto their surfaces. |
|
| This is due to hydrogen bonding dominating the intermolecular forces, which results in a packing of molecules less compact in the solid. |
|
|
|
| Clathrate hydrates are forms of ice that contain gas molecules trapped within its crystal lattice. |
|
| The ordering of the molecules in the solid breaks down to a less ordered state and the solid melts to become a liquid. |
|
| Most liquids under increased pressure freeze at higher temperatures because the pressure helps to hold the molecules together. |
|
| The highly directional nature of 5f orbitals is responsible for directional covalent bonds in molecules and complexes of plutonium. |
|
| We live in an orderly universe, where rules govern both the movements of planets and the binding of molecules. |
|
| Wavelength determines the size of the orbits of water molecules within a wave, but water depth determines the shape of the orbits. |
|
| The paths of water molecules in a wind wave are circular only when the wave is traveling in deep water. |
|
| On the other hand, the orbits of water molecules in waves moving through shallow water are flattened by the proximity of the sea surface bottom. |
|
| The association of both molecules forms a bigger molecule and this one can be a flocculant. |
|
| Applications are possible in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and health fields thanks to the antioxidant activities of these molecules. |
|
| Water is a good polar solvent, that dissolves many salts and hydrophilic organic molecules such as sugars and simple alcohols such as ethanol. |
|
| Because of its polarity, a molecule of water in the liquid or solid state can form up to four hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules. |
|
| All of these fluids are dominated by water but also contain dissolved ions and organic molecules, especially methane. |
|
| Particularly in the context of disease, the proportion of mutant mtDNA molecules in a cell is termed heteroplasmy. |
|
| These heated gas molecules have a greater speed range which constantly varies due to constant collisions with other particles. |
|
| Since gas molecules can move freely within a container, their mass is normally characterized by density. |
|
| Viscosity, a physical property, is a measure of how well adjacent molecules stick to one another. |
|
| Unstimulated and stimulated cells were fixed and permeabelized to allow intracellular staining of phosphorylated signaling molecules. |
|
| Heating results in an increase in temperature due to an increase in the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules. |
|
| For solids, the thermal energy is associated primarily with the vibrations of its atoms or molecules about their equilibrium position. |
|
|
|
| For photoexcited molecules, the nuclear dynamics determine the photoenergy conversion path and efficiency. |
|
| They comprise a complex mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules produced by a polyethoxylation reaction. |
|
| Oxides have a range of different structures, from individual molecules to polymeric and crystalline structures. |
|
| Some polymeric oxides depolymerize when heated to give molecules, examples being selenium dioxide and sulfur trioxide. |
|
| Polymers almost always appear as mixtures of molecules of multiple molar masses, each of which could be considered a separate chemical substance. |
|
| A pure chemical compound is a chemical substance that is composed of a particular set of molecules or ions. |
|
| A chemical compound can be either atoms bonded together in molecules or crystals in which atoms, molecules or ions form a crystalline lattice. |
|
| Air pollution occurs when harmful substances including particulates and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere. |
|
| Anywhere the glaze is thin, the iron oxide molecules are exposed to this atmosphere and will reoxidize to red ferric iron oxide. |
|
| Graphite forms intercalation compounds with some metals and small molecules. |
|
| The sediments themselves act as pollutants, as well as being carriers for other pollutants, such as attached pesticide molecules or heavy metals. |
|
| The diversity of biologically active molecules from animal venoms is well-known and has long garnered the interest of toxinologists. |
|
| These pancreatic cell antibodies react with human cell surface molecules on alpha, beta, acinar and duct cells. |
|
| Bigger amylopectin molecules provide higher viscosifying power and lower gelatinization temperature compare to amylose. |
|
| This is made of fatty acids, molecules that are characterized by having a water-loving end and a water-hating end. |
|
| Photons cause electrons to travel from donor molecules to acceptor molecules in different layers of the material. |
|
| The other route for combining smaller hydrocarbon molecules into larger ones is alkylation. |
|
| Deshpande developed polymers with allylic or benzylic amide groups covalently bonded to the polymer molecules. |
|
| These observations proved the occurrence of the amidation reaction between poly and the amino group of POSS molecules. |
|
| Taxonomic congruence versus total evidence, and amniote phylogeny inferred from fossils, molecules, and morphology. |
|
|
|
| As well, Yip has conducted innovative research on the biophysical characteristics of single molecules. |
|
| The angle of reflection will change, depending on the presence of molecules adsorbed to the material. |
|
| This is because it can complex with chlorine molecules abstracted from the polymer chain and form the prodegradant, zinc chloride. |
|
| The molecules are relatively simple and thus have low antigenicity and potential for hypersensitivity. |
|
| An antioxidant is a synthetic or natural compound capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. |
|
| The molecules are packed in the lattice in such as way that the dipole components are antiparallel and neutralize each other. |
|
| The complex molecules were discovered by astronomers from Cornell, the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy and the University of Cologne. |
|
| These included immune-linked tracers for insulin, studies that spawned today's radioimmunoassays for trace hormones and other molecules. |
|
| Radioimmunoassays and enzyme immunoassays are sensitive methods for quantifying many biologically active small molecules. |
|
| Gamma irradiation treatment with its radiolytic effects can destroy glucosinolate molecules. |
|
| Antisense molecules are tiny pieces of DNA or RNA designed to bind to a cell's own DNA or RNA and interfere with its activity. |
|
| These textured paints, which give the appearance of rag-rolling, but softer, use tiny plastic molecules to prevent clumping. |
|
| The molecules appear to be aromatic compounds called quinones, which are found in modern crinoids and other animals. |
|
| Jeesperse CPW blend needs to achieve the same separation of molecules or else the wax would recrystallize and the emulsion would feel gritty. |
|
| Such emulsions are thermodynamically unstable and become kinetically stable in the presence of tensio-active molecules adsorbed to the interface. |
|
| These molecules were carefully contrived to help us understand the basic rules of replication. |
|
| Instead of blocking the actions of AZT, the virus actually removes it, and it does so by using ATP, one of the most common cellular molecules. |
|
| These molecules are extraordinarily potent, with a single bacteriocin being sufficient to kill a bacterium. |
|
| Lectins are a group of molecules found throughout nature that interact and bind with specific sugars. |
|
| Naturally occurring ribozymes may be used in chemotherapy, but they are large, expensive, and fragile RNA molecules. |
|
