| Precise knowledge of marine geoid is essential for study of mantle convection of oceanic litosphere. |
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| The stem resembles the earth's litosphere with a thin layer of living organisms spread out over its surface. |
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| Due to the relative displacement of litosphere plates and bloks the elastic deformation appears in fault zone.
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| The litosphere underwent an intensive deformation in the Late Oligocene, while as the sediments of the basins were not deformed. |
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| Recent advances in structural geology, tectonics, petrology and sedimentology call for integration of our observations and thinking about dynamic processes in the litosphere. |
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