| Though the four-syllable line is common in t'ai chi mnemonics as well, the pattern is not nearly as regular as in the pa kua verses. |
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| Other arts he has studied include Hopkido, aikido, shudokan karate, boxing, wrestling, tai chi chaun and pa kua chaun. |
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| While pa kua focuses on circles, its sister art, hsing yi focuses on lines and linear attacks. |
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| For example, the northern dialect of Kua has lost palatal clicks, but the southern dialect retains them. |
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