| By 450 AD they were making pottery, and by 700-900 great kivas were being built. |
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| The houses and kivas of this period were heated with coal, which was also used for firing pottery. |
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| The tobacco, drying inside because sun-drying makes the smoke harsh, will be used in the kivas, or underground ceremonial chambers. |
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| Tensions worsened when Spanish soldiers under Governor Juan Francisco Trevino sacked the Pueblos' sacred kivas. |
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| Great houses and kivas represent one of the highest levels of architectural sophistication found among ancient structures in the southwest. |
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| Long House, the second largest cliff dwelling, has 150 rooms and 21 kivas, where some 150 people lived. |
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| Intriguing acoustic effects have also been noted at sites in the Americas, from Anasazi kivas in New Mexico, to Chichen Itza on Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. |
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| Among the Anasazi, Carved wooden effigies of female deities were venerated in conjunction with ceremonies, which took place in subterranean buildings known as kivas. |
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| When they emerge from their sanctuaries, or kivas, onto the dancing plaza, they dance to invoke rain, health, and other blessings for the people from the supernatural spirits. |
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| Traditionally each pueblo also had two or more kivas, or ceremonial rooms. |
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| Although a kiva's most important purpose is as a venue for rituals, kivas can also be used for political meetings and casual gatherings of the men of the village. |
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| Stone masonry began to be used, and kivas, the underground circular chambers used henceforth primarily for ceremonial purposes, became important community features. |
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| Although part of the Snake Dance was performed in public, visitors saw only a brief, though exciting, portion of a lengthy ceremony, most of which was conducted privately in kivas. |
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