How to use isotopes in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Hassium does not occur in nature, and it has no isotopes that last long enough to allow significant quantities to be accumulated. The proportions of these isotopes have been computed from spectrographic analysis. All isotopes of fermium are radioactive, with fermium-257 having the longest half life, 20.1 hours. The experiment was to study the properties beams of radioactive isotopes created at the Bevatron. Radioactive elements have different isotopes that decay at different rates. When uranium is bombarded with neutrons, the two isotopes have differing nuclear reactions. The nuclei of the hydrogen isotopes are the proton, the deuteron, and the triton. An onboard mass spectrometer will then measure the levels of the different isotopes given off at each stage of the baking process. The emitted isotopes are focussed through a mass spectrometer and measured. Based on laboratory measurements of the relative abundances of the three isotopes, researchers infer the contribution of each. Now chemists are even using isotopes to help the government enforce its laws. The most easily attained fusion reaction involves fusing nuclei of the two isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, to make nuclei of helium. This fusion bomb, the product of fusion at extreme temperatures of heavy isotopes of hydrogen, is many times more powerful than the A-bomb. The elements of which water is composed, hydrogen and oxygen, both have stable isotopes. It is composed mostly of isotopes of hydrogen and helium and includes 60 other elements including neon, argon carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and iron. Normally the proportion of the two isotopes of carbon is simply controlled by the rate of photosynthesis in plant tissues. Besides hydrogen and its isotope deuterium, researchers use the isotopes of boron, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Trace elements and oxygen isotopes are useful geochemical indicators of the chemistry of the waters from which the chert precipitated. Atoms of an element that have the same atomic number but a different atomic weight are referred to as isotopes. He called atoms of the second group isotopes, atoms of the same element with different atomic weights. Show More Sentences Indeed, many isotopes spontaneously convert to other elements through radioactivity. The neutron bombardment transforms certain isotopes of the elements into radioactive species which then emit gamma rays. And what you pick up in the atmosphere is minute traces of radioactive isotopes, particularly the noble gases, Argon, Xenon, Krypton, et cetera. Plutonium and highly enriched uranium and other heavy fissionable isotopes fall into this category, but tritium does not. His idea was to use the material flux from an exploding fission weapon to compress a container that held the light isotopes. The instrument is able to measure isotopes at the individual atom level and does so by generating millions of volts of electricity. What if the gas clouds contain different relative abundances of these isotopes? The novel isotopes produced by the nuclear industry often mimic natural substances in the body. Such isotopes, he pointed out, could have come only from a nearby nuclear reactor or a nuclear bomb. The three isotopes are sometimes known by the names of protium, deuterium, and tritium. Scientists can compare the number of breakdowns in any given time and the intensity of the radioactivity among elements and isotopes. Although many nuclei can be fused, this subject normally refers to fusion of hydrogen isotopes deuterium or tritium to form helium. Different isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers because their nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons. Similar damage is caused by the alpha recoil, which is a trace of the energy released during the alpha decay of uranium and thorium isotopes. Among the commonly known alpha emitters are various isotopes of polonium, radium, thorium, uranium and all of the transuranium elements. Lasers have also revolutionized the separation of chemical isotopes, which had otherwise been extremely difficult, if not impossible. Most of the transuranium elements have isotopes that disintegrate by fissioning in addition to emitting alpha particles. A highly sensitive method first developed for carbon dating, AMS quantifies isotopes with a detection limit of a few adducts in 10 nucleotides. The nuclei of heavy isotopes are rich in neutrons, which dominate their nuclear surface. The radioactive isotopes must be made in a cyclotron, and because of the short half-lives, the cyclotron must be located at the imaging facility site. Show More Sentences Total gamma-ray relates to the natural gamma radioactivity of a sample as determined by the concentration of radioactive isotopes of uranium, thorium and potassium. Within two decades of inventing the mass spectrograph, he succeeded in identifying 212 of the 281 naturally occurring isotopes of all the elements. The leachate was separated from the solids by centrifugation, and the dissolved polonium isotopes in the liquid were plated spontaneously onto a silver planchet. The amount of radiation is so small that it is much less than natural radiation due to radon gas or that of radioactive isotopes that occur in clay, shale and brick. One of the isotopes of fission products, when fuel melts, is an iodine isotope, and it goes in your body through your thyroid. A huge radioactive plume was spreading outward from the exploded reactor core, threatening to contaminate everything in its path with potentially fatal isotopes. They have access to radiological material like medical isotopes. Finding that the isotopes of neon have atomic weights that are whole numbers vindicated Prout's hypothesis that hydrogen was the basis for all the elements. Protons, deuterons, and tritons would begin fusing with each other, releasing more energy, and initiating other fusion reactions among other hydrogen isotopes. The development of isotopic tracers during the war was a by-product of the preparation of radioactive and stable isotopes in connection with work on the atomic bomb. If nuclear waste storage proposals are being analysed, then it is necessary to make allowance for the very long half-life of some radioactive isotopes. Chemical separation and purification of uranium-233 from thorium and plutonium-239 from uranium require far less effort than enrichment of isotopes. Although oxygen data might conceivably be affected in this way, radiogenic isotopes should not and for these there is no strong correlation with any major element parameter. So, by measuring the amount of the isotopes in each year of tree growth, or each tree ring, the researchers could identify periods of greater or lesser solar activity. Atoms with the same number of protons and neutrons are called nuclides and atoms with a unequal number of protons and neutrons are called isotopes. We also know their half-lives and can thus determine their relative abundances at the present day, assuming that the isotopes have not been depleted in some way. They measured the amount of different isotopes of xenon trapped in quartz crystals. Skeletal and dental evidence indicates good health, while the high levels of nitrogen isotopes present in human remains indicates a diet rich in protein. In fact, the elements with atomic numbers 43, 61, and 85 were unknown on earth until some of their radioactive isotopes had been produced synthetically. Analysis of oxygen isotopes in teeth indicates that some were also of southern European origin. Show More Sentences Nuclear polarizations for odd isotopes in any noble gases by means of optical pumping are quite similar. Radioiodine isotopes were detected among the massive amounts of fallout dispersed from Fukushima just days after the meltdowns. The early researchers also discovered that many other chemical elements, besides uranium, have radioactive isotopes. There's another 30 noble metals that are available as enriched isotopes, and they have a different chelator molecule. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon and their application to sedimentologic and paleoenvironmental problems. Recently these cyclotrons have been coupled in tandem, greatly increasing the beam intensity for exploring rare exotic isotopes. Stable carbon isotopes of amorphous kerogens from Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks. Rare earth elements and sulfur and strontium isotopes of Upper Cretaceous phosphorites in Egypt. The ratio of the concentrations of these two oxygen isotopes in teeth also depends upon the body temperature of the animal, adds Fricke. Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today. Their isotopic concentration in a natural rock sample depends greatly on the presence of these three parent uranium and thorium isotopes. Apart from the stable isotopes, which make up almost all lead that exists naturally, there are trace quantities of a few radioactive isotopes. When the neutron flux subsides, these nuclei beta decay into stable isotopes of osmium, iridium, and platinum. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. Chemostratigraphy studies the changes in the relative proportions of trace elements and isotopes within and between lithologic units. The air can be contaminated with radioactive isotopes in particulate form, which poses a particular inhalation hazard. The time radioactive waste must be stored for depends on the type of waste and radioactive isotopes. These isotopes emit different types and levels of radiation, which last for different periods of time. Sugar is added to control the ruthenium chemistry and to stop the formation of the volatile RuO4 containing radioactive ruthenium isotopes. Plutonium isotopes are expensive and inconvenient to separate, so particular isotopes are usually manufactured in specialized reactors. Show More Sentences Any uranium or plutonium isotopes produced during those three years are left and the rod goes back into production. Technetium also has numerous nuclear isomers, which are isotopes with one or more excited nucleons. This list covers common isotopes, most of which are available in very small quantities to the general public in most countries. Those two isotopes are the largest source of residual radioactivity in the area of the Chernobyl disaster. The isotopes 134 and 137 are present in the biosphere in small amounts from human activities, differing by location. Analyses of stable isotopes from Greenland ice cores provide estimates for the start and end of the Younger Dryas. The half-lives of the new isotopes range from seconds to tens of seconds, the researchers estimate. Cumbersome regulations are prompting ED-XRF users to move toward low-powered x-ray tubes and away from radioactive isotopes. The waste also contains radioactive isotopes of the transuranic elements neptunium, americium, and curium. Because water containing heavier isotopes has a higher heat of evaporation, its proportion decreases with colder conditions. The high number of isotopes is consistent with lead's atomic number being even. Hydrogen's rarer isotopes also each have specific applications. The chemical evidence mainly consists of variations in the ratios of isotopes in fossils present in sediments and sedimentary rocks and ocean sediment cores. Plutonium isotopes undergo radioactive decay, which produces decay heat. Other mercury isotopes are converted when irradiated with slow neutrons into one another, or formed mercury isotopes which beta decay into thallium. This is so, because all of the atoms in a sample of an element have the same number of protons, though they may be different isotopes, with differing numbers of neutrons. The method works only for stars containing radioactive isotopes. They were known as radioimmunoassay and used radio isotopes for labeling, thus creating a challenge for waste management, disposal, storage, and lab tech safety training. I will cover three linked approaches, namely high precision analyses of nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies, radiogenic isotopes and trace elements. While the former two groups intend to produce isotopes using cyclotrons, the latter two submitted proposals using a less familiar linear accelerator-based technology. Show More Sentences The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state. The cave bears are usually deemed to have been highly herbivorous, to a greater extent than the brown bear, based on examinations of stable isotopes and dental morphology. Stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur can establish avian migratory connectivity between wintering sites and breeding grounds. During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium. The team has analyzed the ratios of noble gas isotopes from deep within Earth's mantle, and has compared these results to isotope ratios closer to the surface. Atomic mass of an element in Table of Elements is presented by the average atomic mass of all stable isotopes of the element with taking their content in the lithosphere. A long record of carbon isotopes, which is reflective of primary production trends of the Bering Sea, exists from historical samples of bowhead whale baleen. The effect can be used to separate isotopes by chemical means. These cyclotrons will focus on isotopes used in Positron Emission Tomography, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Therapy by virtue of their respective energies. Twenty radioactive isotopes of plutonium have been characterized. Examples from Classical Literature The standard was Pee Dee Belemnite limestone for carbon isotopes and atmospheric nitrogen for nitrogen isotopes. Combining stable isotopes and skeletal growth marks to detect habitat shifts in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta. Innov-X Systems manufactures a line of XRF analyzers, its flagship model being a handheld analyzer that uses an X-ray tube instead of radioactive isotopes. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with isotopes What is the adverb for isotopes? What is the adjective for isotopes? What is the noun for isotopes? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words isotope isotonic solution isotonicity isotonic isotherms isothermal isotopic isotopically isotretinoin isotron isotropic isotropically 8-letter Words Starting With i is iso isot isoto isotop isotope