| Despite concerns about the use of conductive irrigation solutions with electrosurgical devices, saline is the most common irrigant used. |
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| Root canal irrigation carries a risk of extrusion of irrigant into the periapical tissues. |
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| The EndoVac irrigation system extruded significantly less irrigant solution than either needle irrigation system. |
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| The root canal was then irrigated by 3 mL of the second irrigant with the aid of EndoVac. |
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| These second-generation devices require less operator skill than for hysteroscopic endometrial ablation and no irrigant or distending solutions. |
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| Within the limitations of the study, the EndoVac irrigation system was found to have extruded significantly less irrigant solution than the needle irrigation systems. |
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| Efforts to improve the efficacy of smear layer removal by applying irrigant activation at the final irrigation or by elevating the temperature of the irrigant have been reported. |
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| Studies have shown less extrusion with sonic or apical negative pressure devices compared with syringe and side-port needle or passive ultrasonic irrigation with continuous irrigant flow. |
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