| The hydrocarbon end attaches to an oil molecule and the electrically charged ionic end attracts a water molecule. |
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| This difference is expressed in the notation of oxidation state versus ionic charge. |
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| Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that regulate ionic permeability in cell membranes. |
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| The absence of such a homogenous dielectric can also lead to ionic distributions whose behavior deviates from that predicted by GC theory. |
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| As a result of their ionizability the following ionic equilibrium reactions may be written. |
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| Our mathematical model for the description of ionic motion in the spine is the Langevin equation. |
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| An electrolyte's ionic strength is half of the total obtained by multiplying the molality of each ion by its valence squared. |
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| Uncharged polar and even ionic dyes with substantial molar weights have often been used to trace apoplastic water movement. |
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| Because of the nonuniform membrane polarization, ionic currents during field stimulation also have a spatially nonuniform profile. |
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| In contrast to an undiluted probe surface, the hybridization signals exhibited a tendency of monotonic decrease with increasing ionic strength. |
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| The strong forces that hold ions together cause ionic compounds to have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds. |
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| The sodium is bonded to the hydroxide part of the compound with an ionic bond. |
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| Another type of bonding is found in ionic solids, exemplified by sodium chloride, or table salt, crystals. |
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| Many binary ionic compounds such as sodium chloride and magnesium oxide melt without decomposing into pure liquids. |
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| These degenerin genes encode ion channels, and mutations in these genes appear to perturb the ionic balance in cells, resulting in their death. |
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| It is obvious that serotonin targets multiple ionic conductances to trigger an increase in firing frequency in these cells. |
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| So the deflection leads to a change in the ionic current that, in turn, alters the cell potential. |
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| In this study we monitored membrane ionic permeability at early stages of fusion mediated by the fusogenic protein influenza hemagglutinin. |
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| These lines demark similar ionic potential, which is a measure of how tightly an ion's charge is packed. |
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| Bonding between the cement and dental hard tissues is achieved through an ionic exchange at the interface. |
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| When dealing with ionic compounds, the smallest whole-number subscripts are always used. |
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| Earth scientists encounter elements mainly in their ionic forms, where they carry a positive or a negative charge. |
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| Scientists can also change an electrolyte's ionic strength to alter the outcome of a reaction in a measured, deliberate way. |
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| The actual formula of the ionic compound will thus depend on the relative charges of the anion and cation. |
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| Electrons are assigned to atoms in covalent and ionic compounds and the oxidation number of each atom is determined. |
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| The results above strongly suggest that the structure of the pore region represents a state with extremely low ionic conductance. |
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| Water removal can damage membranes, increase ionic strength, change pH, crystallize solutes and denature proteins. |
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| We note that the involved structural gating apparently does not very much affect the ionic channel current conductance. |
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| These alterations may occur heterogeneously along the neuron where a diversity of ionic conductance is observed. |
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| These results indicate that stomatal uptake can be a major pathway for the foliar uptake of ionic solutes. |
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| In addition to transporting 5HT, SERT conducts several different ionic currents, both steady state and transient. |
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| We are now in the process of studying the effect of this ionic interaction, both experimentally and computationally. |
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| Many nitrates are ionic in nature, but heavy metal nitrates and anhydrous nitrates have covalently bonded nitrate groups. |
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| In the non-canonical interface, it is seen that there are quite a number of ionic interactions. |
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| All ions in solution are hydrated, surrounded by water molecules that bond to it through ionic attractions. |
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| When an ionic solute is dissolved in water equilibrium is established between the solid phase and the various hydrated ionic species. |
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| In an ionic compound there are two different types of ions present, the positively charged cations and the negatively charged anions. |
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| The Lafayette meteorite contains abundant iddingsite, a fine-grained intergrowth of smectite clay, ferrihydrite, and ionic salt minerals. |
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| The C-Cl bond is polar covalent, Na-Cl is ionic, and the C-C bond is pure covalent with each atom sharing the bonding electrons equally. |
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| This branch of physical chemistry determines the equilibria of ionic reactions and their response to changes in external variables. |
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| It is believed that ionic, hydrophobic, charge-transfer, van der Waals interactions as well as steric effects can all play a role in the binding. |
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| By contrast with mannitol, ionic osmotica induced plasmolysis of all root cells, irrespective of their position within the maize root apex. |
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| Cations and anions can only exist in ionic compounds, nearly all of which are solids at room temperature, or in solution. |
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| Electronegativity can be used to predict whether a bond will be a nonpolar covalent bond, a polar covalent bond, or an ionic bond. |
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| In addition, the dipolar water molecules are supposed to be strongly bound to ionic and polar parts along the protein surface. |
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| For ionically bonded compounds, the oxidation state of an atom is equal to the ionic charge of the atom. |
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| The resting potential is dependent upon ionic equilibria and the selective permeability of the plasma membrane. |
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| The bond that formed is called an ionic bond and sodium chloride is called an ionic compound. |
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| A polar bond can be thought of as intermediate between a covalent bond and an ionic bond. |
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| When the chemical formula of an ionic compound is written down, it is the empirical formula that is used. |
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| This involves ionic diffusion processes in the crystal structure of the solids, leading to phase change and recrystallisation. |
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| In sodium chloride, a typical ionic compound, there is an equal number of sodium ions and chlorine ions. |
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| It can be shown that both ionic and non-ionic bonds contribute to the interaction. |
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| In this case a covalent bond has an ionic component and is generally called a polar bond. |
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| More specifically, these cells maintain the ionic composition of the cochlear endolymph. |
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| The bond that is formed between the two ions is an ionic bond, and the compound produced is an ionic compound. |
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| Another type of bond that occurs when electrons are transferred between atoms is called an ionic bond. |
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| Furthermore, the degree to which ions affected membrane properties correlated with the ionic radius and electronegativity of the ions. |
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| This ready access coupled with the ability of the anion to interact effectively at any site on the cation makes ionic reactions very fast. |
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| In the case of the ionic compound magnesium chloride, the magnesium atom has two electrons more than a full shell. |
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| It can only react very slowly with materials other than those containing ionic bonds. |
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| Polyatomic ions can combine with oppositely charged ions, through ionic bonding. |
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| The polymer moieties have a valence orbital bond to the carbonaceous particulate, such as an ionic or covalent bond. |
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| An ionic compound is composed of a network of ions that results in a three-dimensional matrix of cations and anions. |
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| Dyson and Welton used water and ionic liquid soluble organometallic clusters and complexes to catalyse hydrogenation of the aromatics. |
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| Natural nacre also benefits from so-called sacrificial ionic bonds between proteins, which break under stress but can reform. |
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| The two ions of opposite charge attract each other and an ionic bond is formed. |
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| A familiar example of an ionic compound is table salt, found in nature as rock salt. |
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| The forces of attraction between ions in an ionic compound are very strong. |
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| This electrostatic attraction, called an ionic bond, is much weaker than a covalent bond of shared electrons. |
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| In the present analysis, we seek to develop a method suitable for a broader range of chemical environments ranging from ionic to covalent. |
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| The facade still bears the trace of an ionic pilaster with volute which would have ordered the façade at this time. |
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| The method enabled the analysis of ionic currents of laticifer protoplasts of Hevea brasiliensis, root hair cells of Medicago sativa and guard cells of several species. |
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| He remembered from his schooling on Denivan that that was the designation given to a region of ionic flux between the Denivan system and the Sigma Onias system. |
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| Resistance is due to electrons in a conductor colliding with the ionic lattice of the conductor meaning that electrical energy is converted into heat. |
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| Task specific ionic liquids and onium salts have been used as soluble supports for peptide synthesis. |
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| In essence, ionic bonding is nondirectional, whereas covalent bonding is directional. |
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| Formula of peros fat resolvent was enriched with non ionic active materials and alkali fat resolvents. |
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| Kinetic model was developed for the production of DMMn from methylal and trioxane with sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst. |
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| If the baser of the two metals is already in ionic form and the nobler metal already in elementary form, no such redox reaction occurs. |
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| Finally, neither soil texture nor ionic strength affected the infectivity of conidia of both fungal strains to C. capitata puparia. |
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| This observation seems inconsistent with the hypothesis that myosin heads bind to actin in a stereospecific conformation in low ionic strength relaxing conditions. |
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| His studies, in collaboration with BP Amoco Chemicals and Unilever, include oligomerisation, polymerisation, alkylation and acylation in ionic liquids. |
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| One area where ionic liquids promise to make a big impact is in homogeneous catalysis, where the catalyst is typically dissolved in solution along with the reactants. |
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| In spite of these facts, little is known about the ionic mechanisms of osmoregulation in higher plant cells, and the data are controversial at times. |
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| In this class of materials the ionic transport of oxygen is augmented by interstitial oxide ions within the structure's crystal lattice. |
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| This is because of their unique biological inertness, which is considered to result from hydrophilicity and chain mobility as well as lack of ionic charges. |
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| The carbon dioxide of each sample combustion is eluted towards the mass spectrometer which measures the ionic currents. |
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| Then better ionic conductors and more promising designs emerged, and its popularity waned. |
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| Merck announces a breakthrough ionic liquid process and products for greater efficiency in extracting butanol from fermentation broths. |
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| The effects of moisture and ionic contamination on the dielectric properties of the insulation are more pronounced at lower frequencies. |
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| A good example is substituting ionic liquids for solvents in chemical reactions, to curb emissions of volatile organic compounds. |
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| These experiments notably made it possible to study the spraying and particle emission phenomena under ionic bombardment. |
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| Dr. Singer and his team continue to advance ionic liquids research at Saint Mary's with very encouraging results for future commercialization. |
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| As the basis for his evaluation of electronegativity, this ionic contribution is the difference between the experimentally observed bond energy and the energy if the bond were nonpolar covalent. |
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| The Lake was originally an oligotrophic water body with hydrocarbonate-calcium ionic content, very low turbidity, and low concentrations of microelements. |
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| One possibility is to dissolve the spent fuel in an ionic liquid, such as a substituted pyridinium nitrate, then separate out components of the fuel in solution. |
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| We previously observed the same rate of scavenging of solvated electrons by protons in ultrafast experiments on indole under conditions of comparable ionic strength. |
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| The attractions of molecules for each other are called intermolecular interactions to distinguish them from covalent and ionic bonding, forms of intramolecular interactions. |
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| Here, the particles are held together by ionic bonds, each ion being surrounded by several oppositely charged ions within the inner structure of the solid. |
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| When one atom transfers electrons to another, it is called ionic bonding. |
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| Remember that ionic bonds are normally strong but very weak in water. |
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| The two extremes of molecular bonding are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. |
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| This imposing structure, now rebuilt in offices, boasts a large portico of giant ionic columns, graced with a highly decorative frieze and cornice. |
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| The ionic desensitizers apparently interfere with the operation of the nerve in the tooth, reducing the nerve activity, and thereby reducing the sensitivity of the tooth. |
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| An electro-osmotic model is developed to examine the influence of plasma membrane superficial charges on the regulation of cell ionic composition. |
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| When an alcohol is reacted with a strongly electropositive metal, such as sodium, the products are hydrogen and a crystalline, ionic salt of the metal, called an alkoxide. |
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| To encompass all oxidation-reduction reactions, it is necessary to determine the gain and loss of electrons for covalent as well as ionic and elemental species. |
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| During field stimulation of isolated cardiac myocytes, depolarization is achieved either by charge displacement or by net ionic current flow between the two electrodes. |
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| It is known that solubilization can and does alter the susceptibility of the two main eukaryotic nuclear polymerase enzymes, both to stimulation by ionic strength. |
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| We will need to convert disaligned weight into fast speed, while at the same time manipulating magnetic wave resonance, wave frequency, and ionic propulsion, all within the same shell or casing. |
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| Summary: The influence of acid deposition on the ionic composition of throughfall, forest floor percolate, and mineral soil solution was studied. |
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| The dilution of fish sauce is necessary because of the high ionic strength in the undiluted sauce. |
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| The most frequent applications are in the demineralization of water, by distillation, ionic exchange or inverse osmosis. |
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| The ionic dissociations are different regarding the fluid, the temperature and the measurement range. |
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| Unfavorable interactions could occur at high ionic strength between adjacent tropomyosin molecules, between tropomyosin and troponin, or between other protein pairs. |
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| Establish formulae of ionic compounds from ionic charges and balance simple and familiar chemical equations. |
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| Thanks to the elements this type of salt rock contains, it favours ionic balance by liberating negative ions while the lamp is lightened up. |
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| Electrolytes are substances containing ions, i.e. solutions of ionic salts or of compounds that ionise in solution. |
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| Rosemary extract detoxifies the body, lowers triglycerides, urea, uric acid and cholesterol and restores the mineral and ionic balance. |
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| Aluminum in sixfold coordination may form ionic bonds with the SiO4 tetrahedrons. |
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| In ceramics the ionic bonds holding the atoms together do not allow for free electrons. |
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| A third type are ionic bonds, in which the bonding electron pair is donated by only one atom. |
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| In this case the covalent bonding seems to be preferred over the ionic bond. |
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| Alkaline Earth Metals: Very reactive elements that form ionic compounds with nonmetals. |
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| They contain no low molecular siloxanes, particularly cyclical siloxanes, are free of ionic compounds, and contain no cleavable fluoride. |
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| These corresponded to the ionic thermotropic liquid crystal SmA and Φh phases, respectively. |
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| Some important mineral sources of dysprosium are laterite ionic clays, xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase, and blomstrandine. |
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| Crystalloid isotonic solution for vascular filling and electrolyte rebalance, with ionic compounds very similar to extracellular liquid. |
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| The use of ionic beds in steam-to-steam humidifiers will reduce the amount of maintenance and improve the overall performance of the unit. |
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| The almost indefinite range of possible cation-anion combinations in ionic liquids results in many unexpected and innovative opportunities for their use. |
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| A comparison of boiling points for compounds formed by ionic and covalent bonds leads us to this conclusion. |
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| Because they are slightly polar, they tend to be good, general purpose solvents for nonpolar hydrocarbons, polar organic compounds, and even ionic compounds. |
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| Other tissues of the cochlea, as well as the dark cells of the vestibular organs, which must produce their own endolymph, are also thought to be involved in maintaining the ionic composition of the endolymph. |
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| The reactants other than water, and the products of hydrolysis, may be neutral molecules as in most hydrolyses involving organic compounds or ionic molecules, as in hydrolyses of salts, acids, and bases. |
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| Metal ions form ionic bonds between the sheets. |
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| Techniques that have successfully identified ionic intermediates in solution have been applied to gas-phase pyrolyses. |
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| The process of formation of the endolymph and the maintenance of the difference in ionic composition between it and perilymph are not yet completely understood. |
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| He realized the ionic bond linking ammonium and nitrate was rather weak, and so he sought a readily available compound that could break it apart and then recombine it into something inert. |
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| Accurately predicting the orbital location of a satellite will become more difficult as more satellites employ ionic propulsion systems and are, essentially, constantly manoeuvring. |
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| Buy Now 6. hyG Ionic toothbrush, £10, amazon This maybe a manual brush, but it uses an integrated battery and science wizardry to electronically break the ionic bond between teeth and plaque. |
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| Samples with high ionic concentrations are no problem for voltammetry. |
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| Based on a decade of extensive research in the field of ionic liquids, EMD can offer you a broad range of products and services for exciting new applications. |
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| Vanadium is a good material because its multiple ionic states mean it can be used to store energy without having to involve other reagents, and thus complicate the design. Unfortunately, vanadium is expensive. |
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| Based on extensive research in the field of ionic liquids, EMD is able to offer you the most specialized and diversified portfolio of cations and anions commercially available. |
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| The proteins are eluted first with a buffer of weak ionic strength at a pH of 6.5, and then the same buffer containing increasing amounts of sodium chloride is used to elute the proteins. |
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| This fifth is much more ornate and very architectural with a series or three protruding arches, flanked by fluted pilasters with ionic capitals, resting on paneled base boards. |
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| The ion viscosity curve is derived from the ionic mobility component of the loss factor and is a frequency independent parameter related to the viscosity of the polymer before gelation and to rigidity after gelation. |
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| A market-approved drug substance was examined by means of NMR to decide whether a residual solvent was bound by a covalent bond or by an ionic bond. |
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| Also, extreme pH implies that the solution is concentrated, so electrode potentials are affected by ionic strength variation. |
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| They include chemical changes in ionic solutions, changes in the colour or other optical properties of transparent materials, and calorimetric measurement of the heat deposited by intense fluxes of radiation. |
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| The tempered glass which encloses the altar is composed of two layers, each of 12mm, separated by an cavity filled argon gas and provided with an ionic layer of a noble metal to filter the light rays. |
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| The SAXS showed an increscent d-spacing, and reflected the enlargement of the ionic clusters, which was caused by the addition of sulfonated groups into the composite membranes. |
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| On the other hand, phosphates increase the ionic strength in the meat and improve the condition of the cold meat by breaking up the actomyosin complexes. |
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| Content of the national legislation: The domestic use of ionic smoke detectors is not submitted to regulatory control from a radiological point of view once the smoke detector is of an approved type. |
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| Such are the simple ionic redox processes, where the only difference in structure between a reactant and a reaction product may be due to some rearrangement of the neighbouring solvent molecules. |
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| The mullioned windows are next to some interesting openings from the early 17th century, crowned by a broken pediment supported by pilasters with ionic capitals. |
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| One example mentioned in Dr. Emil Aust's article is the use of IL in a compressor: In ionic compression systems, a specially designed, nearly incompressible ionic liquid replaces the metal piston of a conventional compressor. |
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| The charge of these ionic acids, of course, always must be balanced by ions of opposite charges, but these oppositely charged ions usually are irrelevant to the acid base properties of the system. |
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| The high melting point is also consistent with its description as an ionic solid. |
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| Compounds consisting of oppositely charged ions are known as ionic compounds, or salts. |
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| The chlorine-containing oxy anions provide an example: Naming ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions is similar to naming binary ionic compounds. |
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| The physical properties of ionic liquids may be tuned, for example, by altering the hydrophobicity, to affect reaction rates and selectivities. |
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| Sensing Systems sensors are used to provide visual, level, environmental, ionic and radiation operational data for the most critical systems in a nuclear power plant. |
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| Organometallic compounds range in polar power from methylpotassium, in which the bond is almost like certain ionic bonds, to lead, which bonds with carbon with very little polarization. |
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| This scaling is independent of the ionic strength, the solvent quality, the molecular weight, and the charge density. |
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| Unlike in conventional compression systems, there is no need for special seals and bearings in the compressor as the ionic liquid does not mix with the gas in this special case. |
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| Unlike pyrophyllite and talc, the 2 1 silicate layers of smectite have a slight negative charge owing to ionic substitutions in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. |
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| These bonds may be of variable strength: weak bonds such as hydrogen bonds can be distinguished from the stronger ionic bonds and sulphur bridges. |
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| Attempts have been made to describe the partial ionic character of covalent bonds on the basis of relative electronegativity of atoms. |
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| Patented SDC is an electrolytically generated source of stabilized ionic silver which formulates well with other compounds. |
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| Six ionic columns supported the roof, and the single door was of bronze. |
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| At very high temperatures, ionic charge migration can occur, which is often observed as the so-called space charge peaks. |
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| In IT2, the characterization of ionic environment effects will be completed with selected members of the Cry1 family of B. thuringiensis toxins using divalent ions. |
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| In general, if a metal loses its few valence electrons to a nonmetal, the resulting oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another and form a bond, classified as ionic or electrovalent. |
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| Pure water has a low electrical conductivity, which increases with the dissolution of a small amount of ionic material such as common salt. |
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| To date, the only buoyancy mechanism successfully demonstrated in marine diatoms is the buoyancy regulation through an ionic pump. |
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| The result is a stronger contraction of the lead 6s orbital than is the case for the 6p orbital, making it rather inert in ionic compounds. |
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| The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex. |
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| Since it is a high cost metal it can be said that currently all used solutions are already recovered and they are involved in the production process whether it be by precipitation or by means of ionic exchange resins. |
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| An ionic compound can also be a pure substance, but must contain not more than three different species of ion in a ratio expressible in single digits. |
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| Synthesis mechanisms including polycondensation, addition polymerization via ionic and free radical intermediations, and copolymerization are discussed. |
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| The professor is engaged in the production of high molecular weight, planar, partially poorly soluble and sublimable and ionic polycyclic hydrocarbons. |
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| Separation of nicotic acid and its structural isomers using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids as a buffer additive by capillary electrophoresis. |
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| In terms of its atomic structure, CaS crystallizes in the same motif as sodium chloride indicating that the bonding in this material is highly ionic. |
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| She had the opportunity to present a poster regarding the use of grignard reagents in ionic liquids and polymers, both of which are non-traditional, greener solvents. |
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| In inorganic reactions, water is a common solvent, dissolving many ionic compounds, as well as other polar compounds such as ammonia and compounds closely related to water. |
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| The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. |
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| They found that the most prevalent defect was formation of a new triclinic polytype, with an ionic arrangement closely related to that in the accepted structure. |
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| Chemists recently became interested in ionic liquids because they are solvents with almost no vapor pressure, and do not evaporate, even under high temperature conditions. |
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| Ionomers are thermoplastics with reversible crosslinks, created by ionic bonds that link polymer chains together as the melt cools, but unlink again when remelted. |
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| Swim bladders were cut into 2 x 2 cm pieces, and were placed in different concentrations of an ionic biological detergent to carry out acellurization protocols. |
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