| Many extant tetrapods communicate intraspecifically via a mixture of pheromonal and non-pheromonal cues. |
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| This is demonstrated by the negative correlations between antipredation behavior and antipredation related morphology in snails, intraspecifically and interspecifically. |
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| Allelopathy is an adaptation plants use to chemically compete with other plants and can occur both interspecifically and intraspecifically. |
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