It followed that retortion could not always be regarded as a legitimate action from the standpoint of international law. |
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Instead, we must revive efforts to strengthen international law and international institutions. |
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She added that the government was wrong to exclude mainland immigrants from the draft, citing international law. |
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The use of anti-personnel weapons in urban areas where they endanger large numbers of civilians is a violation of international law. |
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One only has to look at refugee law to see international law having a direct affect on individual lives. |
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Does denying prisoners the protections of international law mock the principles the antiterror coalition is fighting to protect? |
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Rather they seek a ruling on a pure point of law in the field of customary international law which is itself part of English common law. |
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Based on the country's rather loose interpretations of international law it will be interesting to see what they do with him. |
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Moreover, it is often difficult to determine whether or not a new custom has crystallized into international law, and, if so, at what point. |
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It will destroy the fragile institutions of international law built up over the last few decades. |
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He will address questions about international law, economic sanctions and citizenship in light of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. |
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Plainly this defence must not be confused with self-defence under public international law. |
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As a matter of fact, it is not possible to justify this attack on the basis of international law. |
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A Nepalese parliamentary committee has said the construction of the dam and barrage on the Rapti River is a violation of the international law. |
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The inclusion of international law provides the State with a wider scope for punishing crimes than mere reliance on national criminal law. |
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The second relationship between public international law and international criminal law is more complex. |
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When it is, one must look to international law for countervailing principles, and to politics, above all, for a way through. |
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In dismissing this official requirement of a sister state, it would deliberately and openly flout international law and comity. |
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What is disturbing is that there is no international law controlling the export of conventional weapons such as guns. |
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Membership in these bodies imposes in the British Government a requirement to observe international law and conventions. |
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The European Union has added its weight to the dispute echoing the UK's assertion that the action contravened international law. |
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Forcible expulsion of a population is reprehensible and a violation of international law. |
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It also found that the Migration Act contravened international law by barring any judicial review of detention. |
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The endeavour is to bring those who contravene international law to justice, whether for genocide, possessing illegal weapons or whatever. |
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Deliberate poisoning on a grand scale, such as the use of poison gases in warfare is uncommon and contravenes international law. |
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This principle is part of the very alphabet of customary international law. |
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Can you address the crimes of a people outside of international law through international law? |
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Instead, international relations would be regulated by a set of common rules of international law. |
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The existence or not of a legal state of war is nowadays irrelevant for most purposes of international law. |
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The final two chapters consider Pinochet from the viewpoint of aspects of international law. |
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The aim of the Commission is to uphold international law in relation to religious freedom. |
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It is not the body of rules of international law, so much as the process of international law, which is really at issue. |
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Comparisons between international law and domestic criminal law do indeed appear stark. |
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The body of law which deals with this issue is known as the conflict of laws or private international law. |
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It has not yet been established by international law that the war is illegal. |
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The Tribunal took no view on the precautionary principle or approach in general international law. |
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This definition presupposes that all rules of international law are framed in terms of duties. |
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He was applying under our law and under international law to ask for his case to be heard. |
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Under international law, the jurisdiction exercised by a state is primarily territorial. |
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This law has a twofold relationship with the general body of public international law. |
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From the point of view of international law, it ordinarily does not matter. |
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That Treaty was concluded when international law in this area was in its infancy. |
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This principle is a central plank of European Community policy, and it is becoming increasingly so in international law. |
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Not being a legal instrument, the Declaration would appear to be outside international law. |
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The measures taken are bound nonetheless to remain in conformity with applicable international law. |
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While piracy and terrorism may not be the same crime, they share enough elements to merit joint definition under international law. |
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I am afraid I simply cannot do this in the knowledge that they are likely to be committing acts which will breach international law. |
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But it is important to recognise the nature of the rules of comity in public international law. |
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Yet anyone who has any knowledge of international law will know that it is an incomplete and an imperfect system. |
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They're not complying with international law and at the very moment in which we are trying to give a new impulse to the peace process. |
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A definition of terrorism does exist, and the phenomenon also amounts to a customary international law crime. |
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One view is that they must receive the imprimatur of State consent through custom or treaty in order to become international law. |
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I was really privileged being in the last class of graduate students taught by my theory of international law guru. |
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It is not a requirement of international law that we pass this legislation. |
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It's hard on the need for universal human rights and the rule of international law. |
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He added that in light of extradition requests and anti-terrorism conventions, the pardons were illegal under international law as well. |
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In international law, dating from 1648, sovereignty is described as supreme authority over a territory, free from all external control. |
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The international community demands that the government honor its obligation under international law to protect civilians. |
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They would have been truer to their Hobbesian conception of international law if they had refused to sign the resolution. |
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Treaties and custom have historically been the main methods of creating binding international law. |
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It's a step in the right direction that they can't hide behind international law. |
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And we're dealing with a real hardened criminal that's violated, I believe, just about every international law. |
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Torture is a crime under international law and cannot be justified under any circumstance such as a state of war or any other public emergency. |
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A third reason why state officials observe international legal obligations is that they perceive international law to be of functional value. |
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Human rights and peremptory norms of international law must be observed, and legal obligations toward third states must be respected. |
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By Monday night, though, in his 48-hour-warning speech, the references to international law and the United Nations had become vestigial. |
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So, no, there isn't really an effective remedy for the ventilation of these international law issues as they currently exist in Australia. |
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The armies of the Axis, Italy and Germany, generally observed the niceties of international law when fighting against western powers. |
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On the other hand, the statement that the security services have not breached international law is no more than an untestable assertion. |
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Differential treatment of persons for nationality and immigration purposes cannot therefore in itself be unacceptable under international law. |
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Now ratified by most of the nations of the world, it is the basic international law on the mapped and unmapped areas beyond our planet. |
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Ironically, it is Spiro's unalloyed internationalism, not the New Sovereigntism, that is likely to foster U.S. rejection of international law. |
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I had never studied international law before the gruelling four months of my life that the moot eventually consumed. |
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The ubiquitous bleats about international law always seem to restrain one party whilst leaving the other unscolded. |
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There religious rights continued to be governed by international law, the treaty of Westphalia. |
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Our 100 percent claim is based on international law and the equidistance line. |
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Apart from its bias in favour of upstream states, it has little support in state practice and does not seem to represent international law. |
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Whatever the reason, the government has obligations under international law that it cannot abrogate. |
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Liberals now lambast him daily for failing to act through multilateral institutions and in accord with international law. |
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Speaking privately, authority officials acknowledged that conditions in some places are so inhumane that they probably violate international law. |
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To be expedient, we must act within the bounds of international law consistent with consensus among the emerging allied coalition. |
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In 1986 the World Court ruled that the US had violated international law by mining the waters of Nicaragua and arming the Contras. |
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The widescale whaling of the past exists no longer, and most whales are now protected under international law. |
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It has been a sovereign entity and has enjoyed this situation for years under the rights granted by international law. |
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The court ruled that international law does not grant the right of individuals to seek war damages from a state. |
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It reconfirms the principle that indefinite detention is contrary to the U.S. Constitution and international law. |
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According to this view, international law is but one tool in the diplomatic kitbag that can be utilized to justify politically motivated actions. |
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We need a president to re-engage the nation in international law, respect for the UN, and a fair and humane domestic policy. |
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The administration's record on major choices about international law belies that claim. |
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When, if ever, should international law and institutions support separatist claims? |
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The most critical issue in the current situation is the primacy of international law. |
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One reason for the successful conspiracy of silence may well be the still unresolved status of geoengineering under international law. |
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Fortunately for this judge, international law precludes having to render a verdict on this fiery French citizen. |
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Second, international law will become a dead letter, to be broken by powerful states at will. |
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A damning critic of the United Nations, he was also the Senate's champion of international law. |
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This section starts with a description of the international law criteria for assessing the validity of reservations. |
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The merits of international law and the peaceful resolution of disputes through courts were advanced by that process. |
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This is fundamental to human rights and the application of international law. |
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Although one action does not necessarily establish customary international law, it makes it more difficult the next time around. |
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The argument also fails to recognise that Parliament can legislate in breach of the rules of international law. |
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The administration has not explained how the strikes accord with international law. |
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Given that the entire war contravenes international law, does it matter? |
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If it was the United States, the operation will test the bounds of international law. |
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In that respect, he stands in a different juristic position, at least for international law purposes, than if the finding of him being a genuine refugee had not been made. |
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If, indeed, the perpetrators of last week's attacks are part of a global network, it will require a coordinated international law enforcement effort to bring them to justice. |
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Originally, under international law, war was waged between states, and rules were laid down governing its declaration and the conduct which had to be observed. |
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But the accord will not have the force of international law until the Security Council formally approves it. |
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In international law, violators do sometimes turn out to be lawgivers. |
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Instead, I'll opine once a week or so on matters regarding Constitutional law, international law, the laws of war, and maybe some diplomatic matters. |
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The refugee from Eastern Europe had made his first entry into international law books. |
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Some are legalists who continue to insist that the war was launched without justification in international law and wish to punish those responsible for their transgressions. |
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More significantly, it first thrust the United States into the unsought role of enforcer of international law against rogue states in league with terrorists. |
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In a case decided in 1950 the Brussels Court Martial had already ruled that torture in time of armed conflict was prohibited by a customary international law rule. |
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There is a great amount of flexibility at the macro level of international law because of the fundamental anarchy of the post-Westphalian system of sovereign states. |
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However, he cannot properly be seen as the begetter of international law. |
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At the same time, it must be stressed that under international law, the responsibility for protecting civilians caught up in war or conflict falls on the belligerents. |
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Moreover, as against states not parties to an international armed conflict, belligerents enjoy no special privileges and remain bound by general rules of international law. |
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The rules of warfare are established by international law with a view to regulating the conduct of belligerents in the course of international armed conflicts. |
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Such language covers a multitude of practices illegal under international law, from holding prisoners indefinitely to physical violence such as electric shock treatment. |
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Relying on its unchallenged military supremacy, Washington has made it clear that that UN resolutions and international law apply only to lesser countries. |
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They are enthusiasts for the notion that the United States has become a New Rome, a colossus unconstrained by any values, loyalties or ideals of international law. |
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Most people want international law to be applied fairly and consistently, and understand that at the root of much of the conflict in the world lies unredressed injustice. |
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If the precedent established at Nuremberg has any contemporary relevance, the entire strategy elaborated in this document proceeds outside the bounds of international law. |
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The UK's international alliances could be damaged by the incautious assertion of arguments under international law which affect the position of those other states. |
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That at the heart of it is an international comity, reinforced perhaps by international law, that we respect each other's right to govern the internal economy of their ships. |
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The Russians are actually acting in consonance with international law. |
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These two men should feel hemmed in by the rules of international law. |
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He waged a war of aggression that contravened international law. |
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This duty to protect the individual's right to bodily inviolacy arises explicitly from the international law of human rights and the Children's Convention. |
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In fact, the aggressor in this war has not only ignored the relevant UN resolution, it has defied the United Nations and openly flouted international law. |
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Questions of terminology, international law, counterproliferation, multilateralism, military effectiveness, and ethical skepticism frame the developing dialogue. |
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The policy, designed to leave families homeless, impoverished and traumatized, is illegal because international law forbids the demolition of houses by an occupying power. |
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The nations that wrap themselves most tightly in international law are actually those responsible for turning that law, and its aspirations for the world, into a dead letter. |
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Public international law is inexactly understood as the international rights and duties of states. |
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The debate regarding what, if any, role international law should play in human rights cases in the United States sharpened in recent years. |
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It does however permit application of either domestic or international law. |
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Global and regional environmental issues are increasingly the subject of international law. |
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However, he also repeatedly warned that the United States would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, in violation of international law. |
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Piracy is of note in international law as it is commonly held to represent the earliest invocation of the concept of universal jurisdiction. |
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In such cases, there are fewer ground rules, and fewer formal applications of international law. |
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The border agreement was then lodged with the League of Nations on 8 February 1926, making it a matter of international law. |
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Within the broad limits imposed by few treaties and international law, states may freely define who their nationals are and are not. |
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The federal state alone will be the state in international law though the federated states retain an existence in domestic law. |
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In international law, nationality is the status or relationship that gives a nation the right to protect a person from other nations. |
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Also, Greenlanders were recognized as a separate people under international law. |
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Technically, making somebody stateless is contrary to international law. |
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In international law, sovereignty means that a government possesses full control over affairs within a territorial or geographical area or limit. |
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They were generally accepted to abide by general principles and protocols related to international law and justice. |
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The Russian Federation is recognized in international law as a successor state of the former Soviet Union. |
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Recognition is often withheld when a new state is seen as illegitimate or has come about in breach of international law. |
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The very obscurity of the Latinism should give you a sense of how daunting a task the research into customary international law is. |
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The same authority is extended under international law over the Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See in a foreign country. |
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The distinction between tribal and indigenous is important because tribal peoples have a special status acknowledged in international law. |
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Many legal scholars cite the UDHR as evidence of customary international law. |
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Known as the Apostille Convention, it is one of the world s most successful legal cooperation treaties in private international law. |
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Currently, under international law, no country owns the North Pole or the region of the Arctic Ocean surrounding it. |
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Syria denounced the move as air piracy and Russia said the shipment of radar parts complied with international law. |
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In fact, these episodes epitomize both powers' unilateralist approach to international law. |
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The United States contested these restrictions as illegal under international law. |
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According to this definition schema, the states are nonphysical persons of international law, governments are organizations of people. |
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International Labour Organisation has helped set international law, which most countries have signed on and ratified. |
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This discussion forms part of a larger discussion on fragmentation of international law. |
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That decision is often thought to be the best example of the European legal order's divergence with ordinary international law. |
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United States, the International Court of Justice ruled that this mining was a violation of international law. |
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Operations aboard oil tankers are governed by an established body of best practices and a large body of international law. |
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Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law. |
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The relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law is disputed among international law scholars. |
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The Doha office of the international law firm Patton Boggs LLP celebrated its 10th anniversary with a reception recently. |
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The German government maintained the British naval blockade was illegal under international law. |
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Once relentlessly hunted for their products, whales are now protected by international law. |
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Dutch lawyers were famous for their knowledge of international law of the sea and commercial law. |
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What this Author has intended is a cursory exanimation of the basic principle of customary international law and its basic application. |
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Cetaceans have been relentlessly hunted by commercial industries for their products, although this is now forbidden by international law. |
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Once relentlessly hunted by commercial industries for their products, seals and walruses are now protected by international law. |
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German legal scholars of the 1930s carefully worked out guidelines for what type of bombing was permissible under international law. |
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In international law, however, there are several theories of when a state should be recognised as sovereign. |
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The relationships between universal norms and specific norms nurture the development of international law. |
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The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. |
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Following the First World War and the establishment of the League of Nations, the need for codification of international law arose. |
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Under international law, destroying a nation to reinstall a puppet ruler is not an acceptable resolution to an internal dispute either. |
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The Corpus continues to have a major influence on public international law. |
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Customary international law can be distinguished from treaty law, which consists of explicit agreements between nations to assume obligations. |
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Ever since, Egypt under international law vetoed almost all projects in Ethiopia that sought to utilize the local Nile tributaries. |
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Greece has claimed an exclusive economic zone, as it is entitled to do so, as per UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law. |
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Adjustment of these boundaries is called, in international law, maritime delimitation. |
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It is uncertain as to what extent the Convention codifies customary international law. |
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Svalbard is part of Norway and has a special status under international law. |
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Instead, the federal union as a single entity becomes the sovereign state for purposes of international law. |
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Importantly, when states choose to federate, they lose their standing as entities of international law. |
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Also the state must amend existing legislation to conform to the international law in case of any inconsistence with the national legislation. |
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Qatar commissioned international law firm DLA Piper to produce a report investigating the immigrant labour system. |
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It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law, a private centre for the study of international law. |
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This globalized democracy is facilitated by a strengthened conception of human rights that includes increasing the currency of economic and social rights in international law. |
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Along with the earlier works of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili, Grotius laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. |
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Debates over environmental concerns implicate core principles of international law and have been the subject of numerous international agreements and declarations. |
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It is an international organisation with legal personality recognised under public international law, and has observer status at the United Nations. |
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The dualist approach in international law contained in the Irish Constitution allows the state to sign and ratify treaties without incorporating them into domestic law. |
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Public international law deals extensively and increasingly with criminal conduct that is heinous and ghastly enough to affect entire societies and regions. |
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According to international law, a vessel's captain is legally responsible for passage planning, however on larger vessels, the task will be delegated to the ship's navigator. |
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In such cases a commission of diplomats might be convened to hear all sides of an issue, and to come some sort of ruling based on international law. |
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Salvaging a foreign navy's vessel is against international law. |
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The judgment was condemned as a violation of international law. |
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The Convention on the Continental Shelf was an international treaty created to codify the rules of international law relating to continental shelves. |
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This was an international community based on supranationalism and international law, designed to help the economy of Europe and prevent future war by integrating its members. |
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The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union. |
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Hence, citizens in those nations can invoke the jurisdiction of local courts to enforce rights granted under international law wherever there is incorporation. |
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The International Criminal Court has jurisdiction over war crimes, but the crime of aggression has yet to be clearly defined in international law. |
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The component states of a federation usually possess no powers in relation to foreign policy and so enjoy no independent status under international law. |
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Watchers of the Sky is a 2014 documentary about the life of Raphael Lemkin and his efforts to establish genocide as a legal concept in international law. |
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However, the legality of the claim is disputed by the Republic of Ireland, Denmark and Iceland and it is probably unenforceable in international law. |
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However, the legality of this claim is disputed by the Republic of Ireland, Denmark and Iceland and it is probably unenforceable in international law. |
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The new federated state thus ceases to be a state in international law but retains its legal existence in domestic law, subsidiary to the federal authority. |
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In this respect, as provocations designed to start a war, leaked British Foreign Office legal advice concluded that such attacks were illegal under international law. |
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Piracy or pirating is the name of a specific crime under customary international law and also the name of a number of crimes under the municipal law of a number of states. |
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A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. |
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Notes that the only universally effective mechanism for ensuring compliance with international law remains the traditional system of retorsion and reprisal. |
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It said the decision violates international law, international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions which prohibit changing street names in occupied territories. |
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The constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person of international law if, and only if, it is recognised as sovereign by other states. |
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It is also recognised by other subjects of international law as a sovereign entity, headed by the Pope, with which diplomatic relations can be maintained. |
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He invited a team from the Libyan authorities to come to Malta and make the necessary fact finding to enable them to unfreeze the assets in line with international law. |
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It maintained that international law entitled each State to determine the conditions under which a ship might fly its flag and that Community law had not removed that right. |
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The classification of these modes originally derived from Roman property law and from the 15th and 16th century with the development of international law. |
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