| In addition to the effects of hypoxemia, a major factor is excessive loading of the inspiratory muscles. |
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| Flow demand was estimated from mean inspiratory flow on continuous positive airway pressure. |
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| Breathing against an inspiratory resistive load is known to produce increases in plasma cytokines. |
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| As the resistive work of breathing rises, the inspiratory muscles must generate more force to offset the increase. |
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| In order to minimize barotrauma short inspiratory times should be used along with minimal peak inspiratory and expiratory pressures. |
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| Although breath sounds on the left improved, inspiratory pressures and hemodynamics failed to improve. |
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| Auscultation of the lungs revealed inspiratory crackles in the lower lung zones. |
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| Forced vital capacity or negative inspiratory force should be assessed every 2 to 4 hours until patients prove pulmonary stability. |
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| The inspiratory phase of a cough starts with a deep inspiration resulting in increased lung volumes and increased elastic recoil pressure. |
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| Some more affected children will have hoarseness, aphonia, and inspiratory retractions that are severe enough to cause chest wall deformity. |
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| Thus, in patients with severe airway obstruction, inspiratory muscle fatigue may limit exercise performance. |
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| The flow rate of fixed concentration masks should be adjusted for patients with high peak inspiratory flows. |
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| This could make the inspiratory muscles vulnerable to the development of muscle fatigue. |
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| Respiratory-related evoked potentials were measured with scalp encephalograms in response to inspiratory occlusions of 200-millisecond duration. |
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| The increase in the utilization of inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes with exercise facilitates airway clearance. |
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| Chest examination revealed fine late inspiratory crackles with otherwise normal breath sounds. |
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| Aerosolized saline solution in the inspiratory circuit is used to humidify the inspired air. |
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| Pulmonary function, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, quadriceps force, handgrip force, and maximal exercise capacity were assessed. |
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| A couple of weeks later, the boys developed progressive coughing spells with inspiratory whoop and posttussive vomiting. |
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| On examination, patient had both inspiratory and expiratory breathing noise consistent with a stridulant noise. |
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| In mid-course, she had some vomiting after bouts of coughing and some of her spells were followed by a vague inspiratory whoop. |
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| There are no recent published reference ranges available for inspiratory or expiratory airway resistance. |
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| Assessment of cough effectiveness includes measurements of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peak cough expiratory flow, and either inspiratory or vital capacity. |
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| At all end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure levels, time from onset of diaphragm electromyographic activity to inspiratory flow was similar with and without the servoventilator. |
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| The physician is therefore always striving to achieve adequate oxygenation of the artificially respirated patient using the lowest possible inspiratory oxygen concentration. |
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| Thus, units with preinspiratory discharge patterns may have comparatively low thresholds to stimulation by central chemoreceptor afferent inputs relative to inspiratory units. |
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| Spasmodic inspiratory movement of the diaphragm produces the characteristic sound known as hiccupping. |
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| When lung inflation is prevented, the reflex allows inspiratory time to be lengthened, helping to preserve tidal volume. |
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| The piston is capable of delivering higher inspiratory flows than the traditional bellows ventilator, and more accurate volume delivery. |
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| It maintains the optimal inspiratory time and automatically adjusts to changes in time constants during spontaneous breathing. |
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| Variable PS generates random adjustments to the level of inspiratory pressure support. |
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| This screen defines how the start of the inspiratory breath cycle and the expiratory breath cycle are detected. |
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| A low initial inspiratory flow may starve the patient of flow and force him to perform most of the inspiratory work. |
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| However, a delay in gas delivery tends to increase the work of breathing by an exaggerated inspiratory effort. |
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| Simulation of the heated inspiratory temperature for Oxy K training devices. |
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| With this function you can set the inspiratory and expiratory trigger threshold. |
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| Tracheal stenosis after intubation usually presents as shortness of breath and either or both inspiratory stridor and expiratory wheeze on exertion. |
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| A confined jet of compressed air pressurizes the inspiratory airflow. |
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| Used with an infusion pump connected to a continuous nebuliser in the inspiratory limb of the circuit, it has also been shown to improve oxygenation. |
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| Assess respiratory function and encourage use of inspiratory spirometers. |
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| Once the diagnosis is considered, measuring maximal inspiratory pressure, maximum voluntary ventilation, and supine and sitting vital capacities will confirm it. |
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| Third, the duration of inspiratory effort is difficult to determine in obstructive disease with dynamic hyperinflation, due to a variable degree of neuromuscular uncoupling. |
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| Respiratory muscle training includes both inspiratory muscle training and expiratory muscle training. |
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| Inflammation and swelling of the vocal cords lead to respiratory obstruction, particularly in the inspiratory phase, and a croupy cough, which sounds like the bark of a seal. |
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| This may be compounded by an increased inspiratory content of carbon dioxide, especially if the diver uses closed-circuit and semiclosed-circuit rebreathing equipment or wears an inadequately ventilated helmet. |
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| Because HFT provides enough flow to match or exceed a patient's inspiratory flow, HFT most likely minimizes the inspiratory resistance associated with the nasopharynx. |
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| During inhaling, the inspiratory muscles contract, expanding the rib cage and further increasing its volume. |
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| On examination, he was tachypneic with intercostal retractions and inspiratory stridor. |
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| Historically, high flow therapy has been used with face masks, where the high flows flush the mask volume to facilitate high inspiratory oxygen fractions. |
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| She had obvious dysphonia and inspiratory stridor but no respiratory distress. |
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| Patients CU134 and CU171 had suprasternal and subcostal retraction, and patient CU171 had signs of nasal flaring and inspiratory stridor. |
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| The TurboVent 2 turbine ventilator concept means you can support spontaneous breathing no matter which mode you use, providing virtually unlimited inspiratory flow. |
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| Abdominal muscle stimulation induced large expiratory volumes, and upper-chest stimulation induced large inspiratory volumes. |
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| The inspiratory trigger and expiratory trigger were kept constant during recording, while the level of support was adapted to the VT during the nychthemeron. |
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| Children with croup have upper airway obstruction which causes a barking cough, a hoarse voice, inspiratory stridor and varying degrees of breathing difficulties. |
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| In this situation it is important to set the rise time and ICO properly, and avoid phases with virtually no flow and late notches in the inspiratory flow curve. |
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| In this way, the inspiratory rise time becomes an important therapeutic tool because the inspiratory flow profile may be adapted to patient effort and comfort. |
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| Higher inspiratory flow will be available, should the patient request it. |
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| The novel dose-delivery system of the SPIRIVA® Respimat® also means that unlike dry powder inhalers, the dose delivered is not dependent on patients inspiratory flow. |
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| This does not include asthma, as a restrictive lung disease is due to an abnormality of the chest wall which limits expiratory and inspiratory movements. |
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| The inhibitory neurons that switch off the inspiratory ramp arise from the pneumotaxic center and pulmonary stretch receptors, which are discussed in the next section. |
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