| Action signs, like vocal signs also take part in deictic reference, indexicality and performativity. |
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| Importantly, indexicality does not imply non-rigidity. |
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| By contrast, human actions must necessarily be guided by reference to the past, present or the future time, and so the indexicality of the A-series view of time is necessary. |
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| In the past, deixis was associated specifically with spatiotemporal reference whereas indexicality was used more broadly. |
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| The theories of Kripke, Soames, and the proposal of Devitt and Sterelny, among others, take a stand on how the indexicality of natural kind terms is implemented. |
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| Indexicality should be distinguished from ambiguity. |
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