We have all sold our kidneys to pay off a debt so that we can save our families from indentured servitude. |
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He was indentured to a baker who had a Masters degree in pastry cooking, and was acknowledged as one of the best chefs in the locality. |
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The Indian population also became largely urban as indentured workers left the sugar estates. |
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It was also the day when indentured servants were given the day off to celebrate with their families. |
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Following the abolition of slavery in 1835, Indian indentured labourers were introduced to work the sugar plantations. |
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People from different parts of India, now called Indo-Fijians, came to work as indentured laborers on sugar plantations. |
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The second difference between the Han and aboriginal indentured girls is the family members involved in their indenture. |
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He promoted the welfare of Pacific peoples, especially indentured labourers. |
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In Austria there were major and minor nobles, small farmers who were freemen, indentured farmers and serfs. |
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The employment bureau furnished the information necessary to know that a worker was indentured and should not be lured away. |
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Instead single parents indentured their children and many others came from the poorhouse and other asylums. |
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Of non-Europeans in Darwin, Koepangers were single men from Southeast Asia indentured to work on Japanese pearling boats off the coast of Darwin. |
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Unlike the majority of the pioneering Indian population in South Africa, most Gujaratis did not arrive in the country as indentured laborers. |
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Her story loosely mirrors the author's own experiences as the indentured servant of a mean-spirited and violent woman. |
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Two years later he died of swamp fever, the leader of a rebel army made up of former indentured servants. |
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Most often these children were indentured to a master for maintenance in return for their labor. |
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She is hopelessly indentured to her wicked stepmother who treats her like a voluptuous doormat. |
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Yes, we should all live within our budget, even government, lest we all become indentured servants. |
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He left school at 16 years of age, with no idea what he wanted to do, so his father indentured him as an apprentice in his company. |
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One girl indentured in the early 1980s reported that her mother was tricked by Han procurers who had promised a waitressing job. |
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Most of us are indentured to one or another degree to any of a number of physical and psychological desires. |
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In the 1860s they had brought Indian indentured labourers to work in the sugarcane plantations of Natal. |
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But it also vigorously polemicised on behalf of Indian indentured labourers. |
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In the traditional way, he was indentured as a welder and began his apprenticeship at the Technical College. |
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Although the plantation setting was crucial for the emergence of pidgins in both areas, in the Pacific laborers were recruited and indentured rather than slaves. |
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The white Hempstead, for instance, worked his way out of indentured servitude, the next step up from slavery. |
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In the 19th century, most of the brothels of the East were staffed by Japanese girls, or they were sold to factories as indentured textile workers. |
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During construction, many men, indentured servants in the beginning, were blown apart during the blasting and digging. |
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The Collins girls were from Tyringham and the Paynes, who were born in Connecticut, may have been indentured from the poorhouse of Norwalk or Bridgeport as well. |
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From the 1960s to the early 1990s, the percentage of aborigines, especially from the Atayal tribe, among indentured girls in Taiwan continually increased. |
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Slave, servant, indentured servant, serf, it all meant the same to me. |
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To the fur traders they were commodities who could be purchased and indentured to company stores through watered-down alcohol and cheaply made goods. |
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I could hear the milk-maids' buckets clatter, the cows lowing in the dell, and the indentured servant boy's tortured cries as he was being flogged. |
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Africans, who crossed the ocean as slaves, and immigrants from Europe, who came initially as indentured servants, added additional strands to the repeopling of the country. |
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Though the people were spared a life of slavery, many of them ultimately came to the Americas as indentured servants, bound by contract to a specific term of unfree labor. |
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After all, the indentured have to go into debt in order to find work, and their wages are then used to pay off the debts. |
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Using his wife and children as indentured servants, Allie clears the brush, plants a vegetable garden, and builds a house. |
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In the case of freed slaves of the United States, many became sharecroppers and indentured servants. |
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He had been indentured by Magellan in 1511 after the colonization of Malacca, and had accompanied him through later adventures. |
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A form of indentured servitude was allowed, being similar to a peasant's duty to his liege lord in Europe. |
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Between 1834 and 1921, around half a million indentured labourers were present on the island. |
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Tamils of Indian origin were brought into the country as indentured labourers by British colonists to work on estate plantations. |
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One method to solve the shortage was through the usage of indentured servants. |
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By the 1640s, legal documents started to define the changing nature of indentured servants and their status as servants. |
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As many indentured workers were illiterate, especially Africans, there were opportunities for abuse by planters and other indenture holders. |
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Some ignored the expiration of servants' indentured contracts and tried to keep them as lifelong workers. |
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Such documented cases marked the transformation of Negroes from indentured servants into slaves. |
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There is also a small but significant group of descendants of indentured labourers from the Solomon Islands. |
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Historians are undecided if the legal practice of slavery began there, since at least some of them had the status of indentured servant. |
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European slaves did not pass on an inherited status, and was thus more akin to forced labor, or indentured servitude. |
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On 1 August 1834 slaves became indentured to their former owners in an apprenticeship system for six years. |
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Beginning in the 1840s, the British utilized Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations. |
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The status of indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland was similar to slavery. |
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The latter were young indentured labourers who according to some sources had been abducted, effectively making them slaves. |
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Perhaps the quintation of slats came from the hands of the indentured Hollander. |
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Most of the English colonists arrived as indentured servants, under contracts to work as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. |
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They obtained a contract from the sheriffs, and after the voyage to the colonies they sold the convicts as indentured servants. |
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Many prisoners were taken in battle from Ireland and Scotland and sold into indentured servitude, usually for a number of years. |
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In 1782, his father died and his family indentured Samuel as an apprentice to Strutt. |
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The very bony fish fed indentured servants, and sustained George Washington's desperate Delaware army. |
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Chinese came to Mississippi as indentured laborers from Cuba during the 1870s, with others coming from mainland China in the later 19th century. |
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The gulf between noble and ignoble was very large, but the difference between a freeman and an indentured labourer was small. |
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The headright system tried to solve the labor shortage by providing colonists with land for each indentured servant they transported to Virginia. |
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African workers were first imported to Jamestown in 1619 initially under the rules of indentured servitude. |
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Many of the Scottish prisoners of war taken in the campaigns died of disease, and others were sent as indentured labourers to the colonies. |
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Most of their ancestors arrived in the 19th century as indentured laborers. |
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This is a result of years of importation of slaves and indentured labourers, and migration. |
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During the 19th century, curry was also carried to the Caribbean by Indian indentured workers in the British sugar industry. |
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The Indian indentured servants that were brought over from India by different European powers, brought this dish to the West Indies. |
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Many Irish people were also transported to the island of Montserrat, to work as indentured servants or exiled prisoners. |
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As coastal land grew more expensive freed indentured servants pushed further west. |
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But by the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were replacing indentured servants for cash crop labor, especially in southern regions. |
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Alternative sources of labour, such as indentured servitude, failed to provide a sufficient workforce. |
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The first kidnapped Africans in English North America were classed as indentured servants and freed after seven years. |
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After Bacon's Rebellion, African slaves rapidly replaced indentured servants as Virginia's main labor force. |
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The majority of early British settlers were indentured servants, who gained freedom after enough work to pay off their passage. |
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Women were often vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, especially teenage girls who were indentured servants and lacking male protectors. |
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Millions of individuals were forcibly transported to the Americas as slaves, prisoners or indentured servants. |
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Most of the indentured servants were teenagers from England with poor economic prospects at home. |
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In 1666 he was engaged by the French West India Company and went to Tortuga, where he worked as an indentured servant for three years. |
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Some were sentenced to transportation to the Carolinas as indentured servants. |
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These indentured servants were young people who intended to become permanent residents. |
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In some cases, convicted criminals were transported to the colonies as indentured servants, rather than being imprisoned. |
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In 1654, John Casor, a black indentured servant in colonial Virginia, was the first man to be declared a slave in a civil case. |
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By 1750 Georgia authorized slavery in the state because they had been unable to secure enough indentured servants as laborers. |
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The transition from indentured servants to slaves is cited to show that slaves offered greater profits to their owners. |
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The relative price of slaves and indentured servants in the antebellum period did decrease. |
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Although the prices of slaves relative to indentured servants declined, both got more expensive. |
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Two outgrowths of this imperial agenda were slavery and indentured servitude. |
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The labour shortage that resulted inspired European colonizers to develop a new source of labour, using a system of indentured servitude. |
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India and China were the largest source of indentured servants during the colonial era. |
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Between 1830 and 1930, around 30 million indentured servants migrated from India, and 24 million returned to India. |
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China sent more indentured servants to European colonies, and around the same proportion returned to China. |
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Many Europeans who arrived in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries came under contract as indentured servants. |
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The transformation from indentured servitude to slavery was a gradual process in Virginia. |
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After 1640, planters started to ignore the expiration of indentured contracts and kept their servants as slaves for life. |
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Parker, where the court ruled that John Casor, an indentured servant, be returned to Johnson who claimed that Casor belonged to him for his life. |
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Once slavery was outlawed in the British Empire in 1833, the plantocracy demanded indentured labor. |
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The demand for payment, written in spidery script, had been sent to a woman whose son was an indentured servant. |
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His circumstances had been such that he could easily have become an indentured servant himself, but he was simply lucky. |
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The kindergarchy was alive and well in the Carlyle household, with Alice centre stage and Mum and Dad both fretting about being reduced to the role of indentured servants. |
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So, although Sharp was treated well, maybe even as part of the family, his status obviously was different from the typical white indentured servant. |
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If not, you'll be an indentured servant to MasterCard all your life. |
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A major difference between the servitude system of old and today's student loan system is that the indentured servant was free after a few predefined years. |
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A further 50,000 were sent into indentured servitude in the West Indies. |
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The captain was an upstart, a product of the democratic idea operating upon the poor white man, the descendant of the indentured bondservant and the socially unfit. |
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As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England, more slaves were imported for labor and the caste lines hardened. |
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In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and the working classes often lived closely together. |
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Dependent in early years on indentured labor, Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. |
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They are primarily descendants from indentured workers from India, brought to replace freed African slaves who refused to continue working on the sugar plantations. |
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By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards and purchased indentured servants of their own. |
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When it seemed later that the cause of freedom would eventually triumph the proslavery element undertook to perpetuate slavery through a system of indentured servant labor. |
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One example is with Anthony Johnson, who argued with Robert Parker, another planter, over the status of John Casor, formerly an indentured servant of his. |
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Published 25 November 2011, the report outlined over 300 recommendations detailing ways to bring those affected by slavery and indentured labour out of poverty. |
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Operating from 2009 to 2011 the Truth and Justice Commission was established to explore the impact of slavery and indentured servitude in Mauritius. |
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These Africans wrought a demographic revolution, replacing or joining with either the indigenous Caribs or the European settlers who were there as indentured servants. |
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In late 16th century Japan, slavery as such was officially banned, but forms of contract and indentured labour persisted alongside the period penal codes' forced labour. |
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The transformation of the social status of Africans, from indentured servitude to slaves in a racial caste which they could not leave or escape, happened gradually. |
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The indentured servants were not slaves, but were required to work for four to seven years in Virginia to pay the cost of their passage and maintenance. |
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Most laborers came from Britain as indentured servants, having signed contracts of indenture to pay with work for their passage, their upkeep and training, usually on a farm. |
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Mass emigration from Europe, including large numbers of indentured servants, and importation of African slaves largely replaced the indigenous peoples. |
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Many genera are totally indentured to the abyssal zone, such as many cidaroids, most of the genera in the Echinothuriidae family, or the strange genus Dermechinus. |
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Regular contacts began with the transportation of indentured servants to the colony from Scotland, including prisoners taken in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. |
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Much of the population consisted of young, single, white indentured servants and, as such, the colonies lacked social cohesiveness, to a large degree. |
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Large portions were usually given to men of higher social standing, but every man who wasn't indentured or criminally bonded had enough land to support a family. |
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Many were recent arrivals, recently released from indentured servitude. |
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After leaving school Whitworth became an indentured apprentice to his uncle, Joseph Hulse, a cotton spinner at Amber Mill, Oakerthorpe in Derbyshire. |
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After 1700, most immigrants to Colonial America arrived as indentured servants, young unmarried men and women seeking a new life in a much richer environment. |
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The Netherlands abolished slavery in 1863 and later imported indentured labor from the British Raj and the Dutch East Indies to keep the economy going. |
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