How to use inbreeding in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance are well documented in vertebrate societies. In the absence of inbreeding, the most extreme value of coancestry is achieved by male polygyny together with female philopatry. The relative importance of LMC and of inbreeding depends on the number of foundresses that oviposit in a local patch. Additional benefits of dispersal from the natal area might be avoidance of high levels of inbreeding or avoidance of local resource competition. The improvement in height was attributed in part to natural and artifical selection for rapid growth, but primarily to a reduction in inbreeding. A previous study suggested that male and female sexuals of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile may use genetic cues to avoid inbreeding. With inbreeding among gametes, however, an entirely different picture emerges. However, managers may also control the mating scheme to further decrease inbreeding. Significant inbreeding depression was found for rust resistance in slash pine. This may occur if females cannibalize their dead brothers or are prevented from inbreeding or competing with them. In Datura stramonium, no effect of inbreeding could be detected on resistance to two herbivores. The fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding have intrigued biologists for a long time. This emphasizes that there is a general effect of inbreeding that is an indirect result of the change in genotype frequencies. They propose that high levels of homozygosity due to inbreeding may lead to high rates of seed abortion. Sperm selection may thus be driven by the costs associated with inbreeding and outbreeding. It would operate like inbreeding, which increases the odds of offspring inheriting the same deleterious recessive allele from both parents. Normally, that would be a composite result of generations of line breeding rather than immediate inbreeding. Each person has their own specifics when defining inbreeding, line breeding, and out-crossing. Actually the distinction between inbreeding and line breeding cannot be sharply defined. Furthermore, by inbreeding his livestock he fixed and exaggerated those traits he felt to be desirable. Show More Sentences Other wildlife veterinarians disagree, however, arguing that untreated disease and inbreeding have culled the reindeer population. Such strong inbreeding depression could explain the maintenance of SI systems where breakdown would be expected. The effect of inbreeding on disease levels in a host population can be brought about in two different ways. Accordingly, the kindred was subdivided into 27 subfamilies to remove the loops created by inbreeding. Similarly, inbreeding decreases the effective size of selection but unmasks deleterious alleles in homozygotes. Very few bulls remain to impregnate cows, making inbreeding a pressing concern. Offspring from smaller populations were on average more inbred, so inbreeding depression in clonal fitness was higher in small populations. This was necessary to avoid the closer inbreeding when the breed became endangered. Furthermore, the best, and indeed the only way to fix a set of alleles within a breed is through inbreeding. They may also be more susceptible to inbreeding and to genetic defects, say biologists. This makes it possible to arrange matings by computer in order to minimize problems caused by inbreeding. Pedigrees help select better parents for breeding and also help monitor inbreeding. It is feared that such isolation may ultimately lead to inbreeding, gene loss and reduced fitness. At the same time the population has been isolated and, as a result, weakened by inbreeding. Successive generations of foxes often inherit the territory on which they are born, which would tend to promote inbreeding. Many are in a poor physical state with dull coats and thin manes, suffering from a variety of ailments caused by inbreeding. Here they fed on bats, took to inbreeding, and hibernated for decades or even centuries at a time. This has already been a problem with Labs, which often suffer arthritic hips due to inbreeding. With closer inbreeding, the relatedness of recent ancestors beyond the parents becomes an issue. We also know that due to inbreeding, there are deformities, both physically and mentally. Show More Sentences Female hippos, for instance, appear to avoid inbreeding when choosing a mate. If they did nothing else they devised a marriage system to prevent inbreeding that is unparalleled in the universe. We are deceiving ourselves if we think we can speed things up with inbreeding tests. The fact that close inbreeding is rarely observed even in highly philopatric species suggests that animals have mechanisms to avoid breeding with close kin. He delivered a speech about inbreeding and the consequent side effects. I used to suppose that finding the right balance between inbreeding and outbreeding, minimising the costs of both, is best achieved by careful mate choice. The inbreeding coefficient is a measure of the proportion of loci that are homozygous because of the relationship between the parents. The causes of inbreeding depression and the converse phenomenon of heterosis or hybrid vigor remain poorly understood despite their scientific and agricultural importance. Just as importantly, it could also reduce its risk of inbreeding, since close relatives share MHC genes. A common myth about inbreeding is that it always has a negative, undesirable effect. To avoid the unfavourable effects of inbreeding, selected stands shall consist of a sufficient number and density of individuals on a given area. As the average level of inbreeding in the parents increases, the genetic variation amongst the resulting progeny would decrease accordingly. This is in order to avoid direct inbreeding damage in the resulting litter. Such packs have little genetic diversity and are vulnerable to inbreeding. Every generation the mean inbreeding coefficient of the population was calculated from pedigree relationships, weighted by the different numbers of males and females. Their network of super-elite inbreeding and strategic couplings had united the West in a deathly embrace. Before coming to America, those living in small communities in Europe occasionally suffered from amaurotic idiocy, an inherited pathology attributed to inbreeding. This distribution has to be integrated numerically to obtain its first two moments and the average values of the mutation load and inbreeding depression. The purpose of both line breeding and inbreeding is to bring about breed improvement to get the best that is possible out of ones matings and to upgrade his stock. This combines the advantages of maximum fertility through inbreeding with increased variability through outcrossing. Show More Sentences As a result, many plants and animals have evolved innovative ways to avoid inbreeding. Continued self-pollination in successive generations leads to inbreeding, meaning a narrowing of genetic variation. Thus the stigmas of flowers are able to identify the genotype of pollen and avoid close inbreeding and self-fertilization. Their excuse for the killing the giraffe was that they were worried about inbreeding. This means that an animal's inbreeding percentage is dependant upon the amount of pedigree data recorded. Traditional Innu gatherings had two main goals: to socialise among far-flung communities and avoid inbreeding by allowing young people to meet. Some people think that the inbreeding clears out the harmful recessives and leads to a healthier breed for the future. This fact means that all estimated inbreeding values are a function of the completeness of pedigree used in their calculation. Did you know that schizophrenic and irritable behavior can also be a side effect of inbreeding depression? No risk of inbreeding problems there, unless you choose to deliberately inbreed a line! But that is not always true. This means that a natural by-product of genetic selection is also an increase in the average level of inbreeding over time. When you lose that kind of diversity, it can result in something called inbreeding depression, where you tend to mate relatives with one another. The methodology is applicable to the investigation of parentage for all progeny developed from parental mating without subsequent generations of inbreeding. Break out the banjos and inbreeding jokes, folks, the Appalachian lounge suit is back. The model shows that the effects of inbreeding are quite low and would only be expected to appear in the long term. One thing that happens is that the inbreeding coefficient increases for every generation. The data from this will be used to assess things like the level of inbreeding within the population. This low genetic variation has elicited concern because of the possibility that the population is suffering from inbreeding depression. For example, in the evolution of selfing and outcrossing in plants, inbreeding initially selects against selfing lineages by lowering mean fitness. It is associated sometimes with inbreeding, as in the case of royal families of Europe. Show More Sentences Lower seed numbers in outcrossed fruits of self-fertile versus self-sterile plants probably reflect inbreeding depression due to mating of related individuals. Since genomic selection can more accurately identify the best superior sires at a young age, it might contribute to higher rates of inbreeding. The breeding techniques used are inbreeding, top cross, recurrent selection and genetic introgression of specific characters, applied to the both the diploid pollinator and the O-Type and CMS materials. The risk of inbreeding with female giraffes at the zoo was too great. The advantage of this dual mating system is that it avoids inbreeding, where the king, which lives longer than the queen, would effectively mate with his own daughter, as happens with other termite species. When populations deplete or fragment, relatives can be forced into reproduction, often leading to inbreeding depression. A recent study of captive animals found no evidence for inbreeding depression in juvenile viability or litter size. This reduced connectivity between patches has reduced the movements of Dunlin leaving them more susceptible to inbreeding in these locations. In outbreeding crops, such as many tree species, you get considerable segregation in early generations following subcrossing or inbreeding. Inbred animals will experience some degree of inbreeding depression for certain traits, which basically means that their performance for those traits will be reduced because they are inbred. If a breed or a population is already so inbred that clear signs of inbreeding depression have shown up, for instance a high rate of early cancer or infections, what to do then? Publications on effects of inbreeding depression on production traits in abalone species and other shellfish species are scarce. The only way for all mating programs to be equal in the inbreeding values considered is if they are computed based on the exact same pedigree data. In this way, the average level of inbreeding for animals born in the most recent complete calendar year as well as trends in the level of inbreeding over time can easily be monitored. The potential hazards of inbreeding, genetic drift, domestication, selection, behavioural conditioning and exposure to disease must be considered. Indeed, marmot social structure actively encourages inbreeding. This first block of information includes the registration number, name, birth date, inbreeding coefficient and Relationship Value for the animal itself as well as for its sire, dam and maternal grandsire. Some of the villagers don traditional outfits while the well-heeled tourists haughtily discuss the likelihood of inbreeding and how Danish subsidies have helped keep Niaqornat alive. This preference may enhance the fitness of progeny by reducing inbreeding depression. The same applies to animals: while some deterioration would have occurred, no credible observation, or series of observations, suggests that inbreeding has ever caused the extinction of an entire species. Show More Sentences To avoid inbreeding and to ensure the targeted selection of desired properties, farmers receive support when choosing the appropriate animals for breeding. If inbreeding depression is contributing to the slowness of the right whale population's recovery, it is difficult to conceive of measures to mitigate or reduce its effects. The resulting inbreeding, which is now universal, brings the risk of developing a culture specific to each plant and disseminating practices that do not conform to the standards. One argument for the health issues involving Thoroughbreds suggests that inbreeding is the culprit. In several species of fish, inbreeding was found to decrease reproductive success. As a result of the negative fitness consequences of inbreeding, vertebrate species have evolved mechanisms to avoid inbreeding. Numerous inbreeding avoidance mechanisms operating prior to mating have been described. Outcrossing as a way of avoiding inbreeding depression, has been especially well studied in birds. Additionally, if the captive breeding population is too small, then inbreeding may occur due to a reduced gene pool and reduce immunity. Genetic diversity in current populations is high with no signs of inbreeding. This would show up in a larger number of possible mates for AMH humans, with increased risks of inbreeding amongst Neanderthal populations. To avoid inbreeding, males mate with females from other pods. Ashman said that if they take into account inbreeding depression in hermaphrodites, a gradual decline in the number of hermaphroditic plants is to be expected. The effects of inbreeding have been studied in many vertebrate species. Finally, it can cause in the higher risk of the inbreeding depression. Whenever they fell ill, he feared that they might have inherited weaknesses from inbreeding due to the close family ties he shared with his wife and cousin, Emma Wedgwood. However, at low population densities, hares are vulnerable to local extinctions as the available gene pool declines, making inbreeding more likely. Here, the founder effect causes rapid speciation after an increase in inbreeding increases selection on homozygotes, leading to rapid genetic change. Examples from Classical Literature Out-crossing or mixing in of new blood is better than hit-or-miss inbreeding. The due adjustment of inbreeding and outbreeding is always a difficult problem of policy for breeders of animals. It is very probable, but not absolutely certain, that inbreeding is harmful. The nation, as it were, sickened in a marasmus of intellectual inbreeding. The increase in inbreeding per generation has been kept low as matings between close relatives have been avoided. The notion of harm in inbreeding has spread all over the earth. In inbreeding the great difficulty of the breeder is to know when to stop. It presupposes no assortative mating, no inbreeding and no selection. Increased homozygosity leads to inbreeding depression if the recessive alleles are detrimental. Though the genetic harms of inbreeding are well known, kin marriages produce more viable offspring than the alternative of no marriage. In small, isolated populations mating amongst relatives and inbreeding are unavoidable. They want to find out if decreasing numbers of adders in the region has led to inbreeding. The people, though still sturdy, seem to have become somewhat dull from inbreeding and to have required an infusion of altogether different blood from without. Find more words! 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What is the opposite of inbreeding? Words that rhyme with inbreeding What is the plural of inbreeding? What is the adjective for inbreeding? What is the noun for inbreeding? Translations for inbreeding Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words inbreed inbred in-boxes in-box inbox inbounds in brief inbuilt in-built in business inc inc. 10-letter Words Starting With i in inb inbr inbre inbree inbreed inbreedi inbreedin