| Supraglottal injection of botulinum toxin type A in adductor type spasmodic dysphonia with both intrinsic and extrinsic hyperfunction. |
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| Increased secretion of ACTH because of a corticotroph tumour or corticotroph hyperplasia causes adrenocortical hyperfunction, which in turn causes the constellation of symptoms and signs called Cushing syndrome. |
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| Do you have a thyroid hyperfunction or hypofunction? |
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| If the level is high, careful monitoring of the fetus is mandatory for the early detection of signs of thyroid hyperfunction. |
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| Autoantibodies that act like hormone agonists can produce states of hyperfunction or hypofunction when acting as receptor antagonists. |
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| Adrenocortical hyperfunction may be congenital or acquired. |
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| Both hvpo-and hyperfunction of the HPA axis alter metabolic and cardiovascular function. |
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| In the long term, these changes will further the symptoms of MD, FM, CFS, and NP and encourage HPA brain hyperfunction in susceptible individuals. |
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