| This in some condition may lead to excess pore pressure in the core, resulting in hydraulic fracturing of the dam. |
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| Progressive intrusion and hydraulic fracturing gave rise to local brecciation of the banded rocks. |
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| This process, which is analogous to hydraulic fracturing, causes the rock mass to dilate. |
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| There is potential for a heavy draw on freshwater resources because of the large quantities required for hydraulic fracturing fluid. |
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| The change is largely related to technology improvements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. |
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| The advent of horizontal drilling and horizontal hydraulic fracturing technology has allowed hundreds of thousands of acres of land to be leased and eventually fracked. |
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| Typically hydraulic fracturing is conducted in vertical boreholes. |
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| They are the leading practitioner of a process used in extracting oil and gas known as hydraulic fracturing, in which benzene is injected into underground formations. |
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| Today, there are two primary technologies used to produce shale gas: horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. |
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| The wells are stimulated with multistage advanced hydraulic fracturing techniques. |
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| The DZ does not response well to hydraulic fracturing treatment because of fracture self-sealing. |
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| The latest horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques have lowered operating costs. |
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| Brine is commonly produced during well completion operations, particularly after the hydraulic fracturing of a well. |
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| In hydraulic fracturing, well operators force water mixed with a variety of chemicals through the wellbore casing into the rock. |
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| The volume of water used to hydraulically fracture wells varies according to the hydraulic fracturing technique. |
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| This encourages a frantic stampede to extract every fossil fuel through mountaintop removal, longwall mining, hydraulic fracturing, tar sands and tar shale extraction, and deep ocean and Arctic drilling. |
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| Figures from the government and the biogas industry show that generating gas from waste can produce cheaper energy in the short term with fewer carbon emissions than current controversial hydraulic fracturing projects. |
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| It is generally combined with hydraulic fracturing. |
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| All this is making hydraulic fracturing safer. |
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| With this decision the ban on hydraulic fracturing is absolute. |
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| It will not include additional drilling or any hydraulic fracturing. |
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| These formations may need multiple wells per section, the use of horizontal well bores and additional hydraulic fracturing to achieve economic flow rates. |
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| In 2007, significant improvements were achieved with respect to horizontal well completions with the application of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. |
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| Further challenges of remote areas can be the limited supplies of local fresh water, sand for use in hydraulic fracturing, and accessing electricity to power some operations, like pipelines and facilities. |
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| Tests will be performed on the most promising sections and hydraulic fracturing operations will be carried out to increase the production capacity from both wells. |
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| For shales, recoveries are expected to be around 20 per cent because of low permeabilities despite high-density horizontal drilling and extensive hydraulic fracturing. |
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| Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are improving recovery. |
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| Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, where the shale is cracked under high pressures at several places along the horizontal section of the well, is used to create conduits through which gas can flow. |
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| Our hydraulic fracturing equipment is used to inject clean water at a rapid rate and at high pressure in order to remove the sediment that is blocking the surface cracks. |
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| For these reasons, hydraulic fracturing is under international scrutiny, restricted in some countries, and banned altogether in others. |
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| The European Union is drafting regulations that would permit the controlled application of hydraulic fracturing. |
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| As of 2013, massive hydraulic fracturing is being applied on a commercial scale to shales in the United States, Canada, and China. |
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| The propped fracture is permeable enough to allow the flow of gas, oil, salt water and hydraulic fracturing fluids to the well. |
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| Therefore, depending on the geological characteristics of the formation, specific technologies such as hydraulic fracturing are required. |
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| Research suggests that hydraulic fracturing wells have an adverse impact on agricultural productivity in the vicinity of the wells. |
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| Josh Fox's 2010 Academy Award nominated film Gasland became a center of opposition to hydraulic fracturing of shale. |
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| The film Promised Land, starring Matt Damon, takes on hydraulic fracturing. |
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| The film covers the politics, spiritual, scientific, medical and professional points of view on hydraulic fracturing. |
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| There is concern over the possible adverse public health implications of hydraulic fracturing activity. |
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| In 2012, Vermont became the first state in the United States to ban hydraulic fracturing. |
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| New York blinks in the face of uncertainty and bans hydraulic fracturing. |
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| The development of hydraulic fracturing technology has led to the usage of proppants. |
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| Of wells currently being drilled, more than 90 percent use hydraulic fracturing. |
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| There have been many protests directed at hydraulic fracturing. |
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| Some studies The same report concludes that in Europe, using hydraulic fracturing would have very little advantage in terms of competitiveness and energy security. |
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| On 17 December 2014, New York became the second state to issue a complete ban on any hydraulic fracturing due to potential risks to human health and the environment. |
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| In particular, the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has resulted in a significant increase in production from previously uneconomic plays. |
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| This study was the basis of the first hydraulic fracturing experiment, conducted in 1947 at the Hugoton gas field in Grant County of southwestern Kansas by Stanolind. |
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| On 17 March 1949, Halliburton performed the first two commercial hydraulic fracturing treatments in Stephens County, Oklahoma, and Archer County, Texas. |
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| Since then, hydraulic fracturing has been used to stimulate approximately one million oil and gas wells in various geologic regimes with good success. |
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| However, surface spills of hydraulic fracturing fluids or wastewater may affect groundwater, and emissions to air also have the potential to impact on health. |
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| Germany has announced draft regulations that would allow using hydraulic fracturing for the exploitation of shale gas deposits with the exception of wetland areas. |
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| Sometimes pH modifiers are used to break down the crosslink at the end of a hydraulic fracturing job, since many require a pH buffer system to stay viscous. |
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| Since the first commercial hydraulic fracturing operation in 1949, approximately one million wells have been hydraulically fractured in the United States. |
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| The gas industry is making plans to try to counter the film's criticisms of hydraulic fracturing with informational flyers, and Twitter and Facebook posts. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing has been seen as one of the key methods of extracting unconventional oil and unconventional gas resources. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing has been sometimes linked to induced seismicity or earthquakes. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing creates greater permeability and increases hydrocarbon flow to the wellbore. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing is excluded from the Safe Drinking Water Act's underground injection control's regulation, except when diesel fuel is used. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing is performed in cased wellbores, and the zones to be fractured are accessed by perforating the casing at those locations. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing is highly controversial in many countries. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing is used to increase the rate at which fluids, such as petroleum, water, or natural gas can be recovered from subterranean natural reservoirs. |
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