| These include horizontal mergers of acute hospitals, mental health trusts, and community health services trusts. |
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| The latter are thus generally less likely to create competition concerns than horizontal mergers. |
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| As a result, the main potential source of anti-competitive effects in horizontal mergers is absent from vertical and conglomerate mergers. |
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| It has consequently recognized explicitly the regulator's need to have comparisons by making very difficult any horizontal mergers in the English water industry. |
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| Recent studies challenge value creation in conglomerate mergers, concluding that there are no synergies created through diversification or horizontal mergers. |
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| The key issue with horizontal mergers is that they may allow market power to be wielded, either by single-firm monopolists, or by collusive oligopolies. |
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| Non-horizontal mergers are generally less likely to significantly impede effective competition than horizontal mergers. |
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| Historically speaking, it is horizontal mergers that have attracted the most scrutiny from the federal government. |
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| The Commission also adopted new horizontal mergers guidelines, providing greater clarity about its analysis. |
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| The commission responded by drawing up guidelines for appraising horizontal mergers. |
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| While the notice presents the analytical approach used by the Commission in its appraisal of horizontal mergers it cannot provide details of all possible applications of this approach. |
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| The horizontal mergers have a lot of precedents and very clear guidelines. |
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| However, not all these elements are relevant to all horizontal mergers. |
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| In assessing horizontal mergers, regulators in Europe as well as America increasingly reason that rivals will emerge or respond if big firms try to gouge consumers. |
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| The package reforming the control of concentrations is made up of the proposal for a new Community merger regulation and of a draft communication that contains guidelines on assessing horizontal mergers. |
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| Other reforms are at the final stage of adoption, such as a set of best practices for the conduct of investigations and guidelines on the appraisal of horizontal mergers, i.e. mergers between direct competitors. |
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| The question arises whether recent horizontal mergers in the maritime and port industry have confirmed the existence of economies of scale and scope. |
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