| Simple trichomes are present on aerial surfaces of most angiosperms and on some gymnosperms and bryophytes. |
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| These data suggest that the enzyme is well conserved in plants and could play similar physiological roles in angiosperms and gymnosperms. |
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| A characteristic feature of gymnosperms is polyembryony manifested in the formation of more than one embryo in immature seed. |
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| The known flora consists of 41 ferns and fern allies, 3 gymnosperms, 291 monocots, and 516 dicots. |
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| Extant vascular plants range from clubmosses and ferns and their allies to complex seed plants, comprising gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
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| Among the plant branches, there were several supported groupings representing only gymnosperms or conifers. |
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| Copia group sequences have been found in diverse species, including single-cell algae, bryophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. |
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| Except for the ginkgo, larches, and bald cypress, all gymnosperms are evergreen. |
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| Some gymnosperms, such as yew, have fleshy arils that resemble fruits and some junipers have berry-like, fleshy cones. |
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| Archegonia occur in most gymnosperms except Gnetum and Welwitschia, but they are lacking in all angiosperms. |
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| The gymnosperms are of very ancient lineage and include the earliest trees on the evolutionary scale. |
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| These totals incorporate both terrestrial and aquatic angiosperms, together with gymnosperms, including the enigmatic gnetophyte Welwitschia mirabilis. |
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| As in other gymnosperms, the ovule consisted of one megasporangium within a single integument. |
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| The plants in this age also switched over to gymnosperms instead of being Cycads. |
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| Bass suggested that the fossils might represent fructifications of angiosperms or gymnosperms, or perhaps both, but said formal identifications had not been made. |
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| With certain exceptions, the seeds of gymnosperms are borne in cones, where they develop naked or exposed on the upper surface of the cone scales. |
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| In following sections it describes archaea, bacteria, viruses, fungi, the protists, bryophytes, tracheophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
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| The pollen in angiosperms is transferred to the surface of the megasporophyll, whereas in gymnosperms it is brought to the micropyle of the ovule itself. |
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| Member of a group of trees commonly called softwoods or gymnosperms. |
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| The chance of successful pollination is fairly small, so gymnosperms produce large amounts of pollen to increase the chance that some of it will meet with a female cone of the same species. |
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| The details of early embryogenesis in gymnosperms vary considerably. |
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| An important adaptation of these gymnosperms was allowing plants to live without being so dependent on water. |
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| A proposed phylogeny of the vascular plants after Kenrick and Crane is as follows, with modification to the gymnosperms from Christenhusz et al. |
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| For instance, Uleiella is a unique ustilaginomycotinous genus occurring on gymnosperms restricted to the genus Araucaria in South America. |
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| The taxonomic treatments cover pteridophytes and gymnosperms, dicotyledons, and monocotyledons. |
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| The conifers are the most varied gymnosperms. |
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| As in previous editions, angiosperms are emphasized, but some features of the vegetative parts of gymnosperms and seedless vascular plants are also considered. |
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| Such dry conditions favored gymnosperms, plants with seeds enclosed in a protective cover, over plants such as ferns that disperse spores in a wetter environment. |
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| The issue has long preoccupied paleobotanists, with competing theories seeking to explain how angiosperms supplanted ferns and gymnosperms in many regions of the globe. |
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| Michael Frolich, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, says genetic analysis shows that the living gymnosperms, including Welwitschias, represent one lineage. |
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| Conifers are the largest and economically most important component group of the gymnosperms, but nevertheless they comprise only one of the four groups. |
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| Identification of living gymnosperms on the basis of xylotomy. |
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| Descriptions of the histological patterns seen in sections of the pteridophyte shoot apex allowed closer comparisons with the zonate meristems of gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
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| Gymnosperms were relatively diverse during the Jurassic period. |
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