The polystyrene-based material contains microscopic flakes of graphite that reflect heat, making it difficult for thermal radiation to penetrate. |
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Other methods consist of superheating the molten metals in a separate furnace, whereby the graphite is greatly refined. |
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The remains of those creatures left minute freckles of organically produced carbon, which crystallized into graphite. |
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With a double carbon graphite stringer, rail stiffeners, and slick skin bottom, it was also quite fast. |
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The graphite line includes an area at the edge of the panel through which air is injected at high pressure. |
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I sat in my semi-secluded backyard and rubbed my first frottages with a graphite stick. |
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Another great example of his growing expertise in designing outerwear was his graphite grey notch collar overcoat. |
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Structurally, graphite consists of sheets of carbon atoms linked hexagonally like chicken wire. |
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The coke is heated in an oven that has no access to outside air to burn off most of the impurities, leaving a fairly pure form of graphite. |
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Carbon, in the forms of charcoal, graphite, and diamond, was one of the earliest elements known to man. |
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Diamond and graphite both have a variety of important commercial and industrial uses. |
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A diamond is a perfect crystal lattice while the graphite arrangement is more random. |
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When the temperature has been lowered sufficiently, the remaining liquid solidifies as a eutectic structure of austenite and graphite. |
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Most hockey sticks are made of either wood or a graphite composite shaft with a wooden blade inserted into the end. |
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Working on soaked and stretched Arches paper, Reiger uses many media on one surface, preferring watercolor, sumi inks, acrylic and graphite. |
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A pencil company never worries about there being a graphite shortage or a cedar shortage or a shortage of yellow lacquer. |
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Research has since shown that laser vaporization of graphite produces clusters of carbon atoms whose sizes range from two to thousands of atoms. |
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Students were allowed to use graphite pencil or a very fine-tipped felt pen. |
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Each is in turn coated with several layers of graphite, and a silicon carbide outer shell. |
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This type of joint is constructed out of durable pyrolytic carbon and graphite, making it strong and wear resistant. |
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Some materials commonly used as unreactive anodes are platinum and graphite. |
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She suggests the goggles' straps with abbreviated wisps of graphite that twist and whip about the page. |
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In a hypereutectic gray iron, solidification begins with the precipitation of kish graphite in the melt. |
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Carbon and irons with a greater carbon content will start freezing by throwing out kish graphite of large size. |
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All lines feature woods with high lofts, thin grips and lightweight graphite shafts. |
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The conventionally measured hardness of graphitic irons is influenced by the graphite, especially in gray iron. |
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An example of allotropy is carbon, which can exist as diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon. |
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A scanning tunneling microscope image shows liquid crystal molecules aligned on a sheet of graphite. |
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Scientists later demonstrated that fullerenes can be conveniently generated by setting up an electric arc between two graphite electrodes. |
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They could use a light table or put graphite on the back of the newsprint to transfer the drawings to the good paper. |
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Solid lubricants such as soap, molybdenum disulphide or graphite are preferred to mineral oils and greases. |
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Just think the only difference between the graphite in your pencil and diamonds is the way that the atoms are arranged. |
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The most common moderators are substances of low atomic weight such as heavy water or graphite. |
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On close inspection, the soft trail of graphite seems almost molten in contrast to the opaque gouache. |
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The sample contains graphite, but no monazite was found in the heavy mineral concentrates. |
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The leads are comprised of finely ground graphite and clay, which results in smooth, consistent lay down. |
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The free oxygen then burnt with the graphite core, which then reacted with the hydrogen. |
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One possibility of this sort of manipulation could turn carbon into either graphite or diamond. |
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Each canvas is covered with graphite and the image is erased into the surface. |
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As the sheets are rolled with high pressure and heat, they bond to each other except in the areas where the graphite sits. |
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A nanotube is essentially a sheet of graphite rolled into a cylinder forming a single molecule. |
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Erasers made for graphite in black pencils work by adhesion, lifting the mark from the paper. |
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His highly crafted paintings consist of 30 to 50 smoothed and sanded coats of oil, graphite and pigment layered over gessoed wood. |
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The sheet of graphite has rows of conjoined hexagons, separated by horizontally running zig-zag lines. |
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Permanent moulds also can be made from either bronze, aluminum, rubber or graphite. |
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They used energetic particles in a plasma to knock, or sputter, carbon atoms from a graphite surface, forming a carbon vapor. |
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One of the benefits of using graphite is that it keeps the silver from oxidizing, so bullets come out bright and shiny. |
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A nippled joint utilizes a biconical threaded nipple, for joining the ends of graphite electrodes. |
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The most beautiful was a series of small graphite paintings, buffed to a dull sheen that recalls the surfaces of ancient mirrors. |
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For instance, carbon may exist as either graphite or diamond in its solid phase. |
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The graphite is readily removed during polishing and in this case the cavities can be either burnished over or enlarged. |
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In 1969 a new allotropic form of carbon was produced during the sublimation of pyrolytic graphite at low pressures. |
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Also, try squirting some lubricant such as graphite, talcum powder, floor oil, mineral oil, or wood dough between the boards. |
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Other irreplaceable photos had smiling faces drawn in with crayon or finely pointed graphite. |
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The rest of the hull is glassed with one layer and the bottom and garboards are further coated in epoxy and graphite. |
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While nickel and copper do not affect hardenability nearly as much, they segregate to graphite nodule sites and do not form detrimental carbides. |
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After their compositions were approved, the students transferred them to the linoleum, using graphite or carbon paper. |
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Other exotic items include copper and graphite, spondylus and dentalium shells, carnelian, and marble. |
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Drawing has been rudely incised and rubbed with pitchy graphite, which collects in the scars of the engraved surface. |
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She avails herself of acrylics, charcoal, copper, oil pastel, powdered pigment, flashe and graphite in applications too unmannered to be called autographic. |
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Pierson's scrawled-letter drawings in ink and graphite, sometimes accompanied by expressionist renderings of faces, hands and objects, recall works of concrete poetry. |
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Austria produces some petroleum and natural gas to meet its own needs, and it also mines coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, and graphite, used in industry. |
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Arrows can be made from wood, fibreglass, aluminium and carbon graphite. |
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The Chernobyl reactor used graphite as moderator and boiling light water as coolant, while the Koodankulam reactor uses light water as moderator and coolant. |
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Why from a non-proliferation point of view, are light water reactors preferable to the graphite moderator reactors that the North Koreans have built? |
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Silicon and aluminum increase the graphitization potential for both the eutectic and eutectoid transformations and increase the number of graphite particles. |
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The film proceeds through numbered graphite sketches, the rostrum camera deliberately positioned to capture both the mechanics and the magic of the animation process. |
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The reactor itself, a massive gridlike metal and graphite structure, 36 feet high. |
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It is led away from the cell to a decomposer also containing graphite. |
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Using graphite paper, they traced their portrait onto the map pieces. |
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The structure is illustrated in Fig.4 from the Cast Iron article which shows the structure of the phosphide eutectic, together with graphite, ferrite and pearlite. |
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The drawings are so dense with graphite and so sharply outlined against a larger white sheet that they appear to adhere to it like a postage stamp. |
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As he works, color emerges as it bleeds from the pencils or graphite. |
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Until this year the drawings were all in black pencil, varying from soft, deep-black graphite to feathery silverpoint, and sometimes ranging widely in a single image. |
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A high graphitization potential will result in irons with graphite as the rich carbon phase, while a low graphitization potential will result in irons with iron carbide. |
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They create compounds of waxes, fluorocarbon powders, graphite, and other closely guarded ingredients and meticulously test each concoction in varying racing conditions. |
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It even resumed operations of an experimental graphite nuclear reactor. |
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It includes vast deposits of coal, limestone, slabs, oil and natural gas, manganese, asbestos, iron ore, gold, diamonds, graphite, tungsten, steatitic, feldspar, and silica. |
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They are still widely used in wood composite sticks, but the advent of insertable blades and one-piece graphite has overtaken them in artificial sticks. |
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With the exception of graphite, they are poor conductors of electricity. |
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For most raw materials the combined use of cerium and magnesium followed by ferro-silicon as an inoculent is used to produce spheroidal graphite iron. |
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This exhibition features drawings in mixed media chalk, charcoal and graphite drawings on paper which have evolved from studies of the Achill landscape. |
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Karen Spence is originally from Belfast, but now living in Co Leitrim and her exhibition shows drawings in charcoal, graphite and pencil on paper. |
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Most graphite is obtained from petroleum coke, i.e., the black tar that remains after all of the useful fuels and lubricants have been removed from crude oil. |
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The cesium ions interact with the graphite and eject the carbon ions. |
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It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal except for graphite. |
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Modern tennis racquets are made of graphite, fibreglass and other man-made materials. |
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The locally mined graphite led to the development of the pencil industry, especially around Keswick. |
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The fossil record includes a progression from early biogenic graphite, to microbial mat fossils, to fossilized multicellular organisms. |
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The graphite and tangerine strip often appears in lists of the worst football kits ever. |
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This transformed the carbon into graphite which further strengthened and smoothed the filament. |
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In his twenties he tried to create diamonds by heating graphite and shorted out Glasgow's electricity supply. |
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All three stages of the Trident II are made of graphite epoxy, making the missile much lighter. |
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The process was controlled through oscillograms that showed the moments of breakage of the graphite rods. |
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The fossil, in the end, consists of a thin layer of pure carbon or its mineralized form, graphite. |
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The island is rich in minerals such as ilmenite, feldspar, graphite, silica, kaolin, mica and thorium. |
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A high percentage of silicon forces carbon out of solution forming graphite and the production of grey cast iron. |
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Nickel and copper increase strength, and machinability, but do not change the amount of graphite formed. |
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The carbon in the form of graphite results in a softer iron, reduces shrinkage, lowers strength, and decreases density. |
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Sulfur, largely a contaminant when present, forms iron sulfide, which prevents the formation of graphite and increases hardness. |
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The slow process allows the surface tension to form the graphite into spheroidal particles rather than flakes. |
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Paddles are flat pieces of wood or graphite used for creating flat spots such as a bottom. |
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It had begun on a modest scale in or about 1792, as a cottage industry, using graphite mined locally. |
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The extracted graphite was eventually used to supply the Derwent Cumberland Pencil Company factory in Keswick. |
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Before chemical dyes became available, this dye was made from either iron ore or graphite mixed with grease. |
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Minerals associated with graphite include quartz, calcite, micas and tourmaline. |
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The fourth electron is free to migrate in the plane, making graphite electrically conductive. |
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Bonding between layers is via weak van der Waals bonds, which allows layers of graphite to be easily separated, or to slide past each other. |
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The conductive properties of powdered graphite allow its use as pressure sensor in carbon microphones. |
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Pyrolytic graphite, and pyrolytic carbon are often confused but are very different materials. |
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This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and soft, and could easily be cut into sticks. |
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The term black lead usually refers to a powdered or processed graphite, matte black in color. |
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Natural graphite is mostly consumed for refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake linings, foundry facings and lubricants. |
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Graphene, which occurs naturally in graphite, has unique physical properties and is among the strongest substances known. |
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However, the process of separating it from graphite will require more technological development. |
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Graphite blocks are also used in parts of blast furnace linings where the high thermal conductivity of the graphite is critical. |
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Natural and synthetic graphite are used to construct the anode of all major battery technologies. |
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The ability to leave marks on paper and other objects gave graphite its name, given in 1789 by German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. |
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Plumbago is another older term for natural graphite used for drawing, typically as a lump of the mineral without a wood casing. |
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Today, pencils are still a small but significant market for natural graphite. |
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After being made into graphite foil, the foil is machined and assembled into the bipolar plates in fuel cells. |
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A GAN estimate of current US natural graphite consumption in this end use is 7,500 tonnes. |
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In 1893 Charles Street of Le Carbone discovered a process for making artificial graphite. |
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This graphite was another major discovery for him, and it became extremely valuable and helpful as a lubricant. |
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In 1896 Acheson received a patent for his method of synthesizing graphite, and in 1897 started commercial production. |
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Special grades of synthetic graphite, such as Gilsocarbon, also find use as a matrix and neutron moderator within nuclear reactors. |
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Graphite used for nuclear reactors is often referred to as nuclear graphite. |
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Modern smokeless powder is coated in graphite to prevent the buildup of static charge. |
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People can be exposed to graphite in the workplace by breathing it in, skin contact, and eye contact. |
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This is crushed and sized, and the resulting graphite powder is mostly used to raise the carbon content of molten steel. |
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While crucibles have a high graphite content, the volume of crucibles used and then recycled is very small. |
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Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay binder which leaves grey or black marks that can be easily erased. |
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This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and solid, and it could easily be sawn into sticks. |
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When sufficient stores of graphite had been accumulated, the mines were flooded to prevent theft until more was required. |
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The usefulness of graphite for pencils was discovered as well, but graphite for pencils had to be smuggled. |
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France was also unable to import the inferior German graphite pencil substitute. |
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By varying the ratio of graphite to clay, the hardness of the graphite rod could also be varied. |
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Residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed. |
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The lead of the pencil is a mix of finely ground graphite and clay powders. |
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Once the cakes have fully dried, the graphite and the clay squares are mixed together using water. |
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The Group established positions in the white pigments business and then the graphite market. |
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Existing lithium-ion batteries rely on anodes made from graphite, a form of carbon. |
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They reported higher primary graphite arrest in irons treated with sulfur while the eutectic and recalescence parameters remained unchanged. |
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The hydrocarbon gases recondense as pyrolitic graphite deposits as films or sheets on the mold surface. |
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Minor minerals include schreibersite, rhabdite, troilite, cohenite, graphite, and sphalerite. |
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In Black Kites 1997, Orozco used a graphite pencil to draw a geometric pattern on a human skull. |
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Here, the delicate graphite is heightened with white and touches of yellow bodycolour. |
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However, graphite has some metalloid properties, such as good thermal conductivity and electric conductivity. |
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More specifically, the inoculant enhances graphite nucleation, preventing the formation of primary carbides. |
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The authors try to prove that the most ordered CI in cast iron called spherulitic graphite have a turbostratique structure. |
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Pearl Scot is a blend of nitrocotton and glycerol trinitrate plus a graphite coating. |
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It was speculated that boron and nitride atoms may be substitutionally incorporated into graphite layer. |
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Furthermore, the formation of graphite will occur above the eutectic temperature with a high degree of supercooling for graphite nucleation. |
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Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory has found magnetism in a sample of graphite that had been irradiated with protons. |
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The quality spec includes lined rings, graphite reel seat fittings, overslide joints and an abbreviated Hyperlon handle. |
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Diamagnetism is a property of some materials such as graphite that causes them to levitate in a stable manner in a magnetic field without power. |
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This article details a study to determine the affect of two refractories, diatomaceous earth and graphite, on thermal heat transfer. |
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When stacked together, graphene sheets make graphite, which has been commonly used as pencil lead for hundreds of years. |
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Grabbier, in a small way, are her graphite and ink sketches apparently made in a psychiatric hospital. |
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It has the ability to detect non-metallic objects such as ceramic or graphite weapons, plastic explosives, or threats stored in glass containers. |
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The surface of the graphite electrode was modified with an electrodeposited layer of indium and ruthenium hexacyanoferrate films. |
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The X-ray diffraction is equipped with a graphite homochromatic instrument and a Cu anti-cathode. |
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Most of these fullerenes are produced using easily available substrates such as graphite, coal, and hydrocarbon fuels. |
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Lump graphite processing techniques can include everything from hand sorting of large concentrated samples to standard crushing, grinding, froth flotation and milling. |
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Carbon precipitation as graphite nodules is required at the start of freezing to ensure the carbon does not take the iron carbide form as edge chill. |
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If you accidentally hit the graphite switch when stuff like packs are in the hopper, the hopper is damaged, as well as the intromitter drive assembly and auger shaft. |
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Such motion may be facilitated by lattice distortions in the hexagonal hydrogen planes in a manner similar to that observed in graphite intercalation compounds. |
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Based on lath martensite and carbides, the surfacing electrode with high hardness was developed owing to adding graphite, ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium, etc. |
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In October 2012 Madhusudhan published a paper arguing that 55 Cancri e, a rocky exoplanet twice Earth's size, is likely covered in graphite and diamond. |
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Tungsten disulfide is a dry-film lubricant that reportedly provides a lower coefficient of friction than PTFE, molybdenum disulfide, or graphite under most conditions. |
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Pencil lead has some clay mixed into the graphite to harden it. |
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The potential for large flake graphite is enhanced by the nearby presence of gneissic granite and the presence of high grade metamorphic mineral assemblages. |
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To transfer their sketches to the bags, students used pencils to cover the backs of them with graphite, then placed them over the gessoed area with a small piece of tape. |
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Clearly, the micromechanical cleavage method of Nobelists Geim and Novoselov is not suitable for producing large quantities of graphene from graphite. |
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Recipes that rely on chemicals to peel wafer-thin layers off graphite, a form of carbon, run the risk of creating chinks in graphene's chicken wire arrangement of atoms. |
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When iron solidifies too quickly, the carbon atoms in the iron don't have sufficient time to collect and bond together to form the preferred structure, which is graphite. |
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To promote looking for textures beyond one art lesson, we make home rubbing kits filled with unwrapped crayons, graphite sticks, tailor's chalk and interesting papers. |
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In several cases green apatite and scapolite occur with the graphite. |
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The impedance response of the coating is consistent with the AFM result, which shows that the deposition of a film onto a graphite support increases the rugosity data. |
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The carbon-rich gases recondense as a very thin film or sheet of graphite flushed ahead of the leading edge of the incoming stream of metal in the mold. |
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The X-ray diffraction pattern of the zeolitic rock was recorded employing a PAN analytic X'Pert PRO equipment with Cu anodes and a graphite monochro-mator. |
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In England, pencils continued to be made from whole sawn graphite. |
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The iron is recycled on site, leaving a mixture of graphite and slag. |
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Painting the inside of a mold with it and letting it dry leaves a fine graphite coat that will ease separation of the object cast after the hot metal has cooled. |
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Natural graphite in this end use mostly goes into carbon raising in molten steel, although it can be used to lubricate the dies used to extrude hot steel. |
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The use of graphite in batteries has been increasing in the last 30 years. |
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When a large number of crystallographic defects bind these planes together, graphite loses its lubrication properties and becomes what is known as pyrolytic graphite. |
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It is sometimes called white graphite, due to its similar properties. |
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Even graphite pencil marks on aluminium parts may facilitate corrosion. |
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In addition, around that time the Keswick pencil factories had switched to making pencil pigments out of the familiar combination of clay powder and graphite powder. |
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The commercial mining of the unusual solid form of graphite found near the hamlet of Seathwaite ceased around 1891 when veins of the solid graphite became harder to find. |
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As a result, the properties of ductile cast iron are that of a spongy steel without the stress concentration effects that flakes of graphite would produce. |
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Developed in 1948, nodular or ductile cast iron has its graphite in the form of very tiny nodules with the graphite in the form of concentric layers forming the nodules. |
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The republic's economy is composed of agricultural and commercial products including wheat, vegetables, potatoes, timber, leather, graphite, and textiles. |
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Unlike the early US nuclear reactors at Hanford, which consisted of a graphite core cooled by water, the Windscale Piles consisted of a graphite core cooled by air. |
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Aircraft designers began to incorporate composite materials in the form of bonded aluminum honeycomb structural elements and graphite epoxy laminate skins to reduce weight. |
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Many lubricants are greaseless, being based on graphite or silicone. |
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One way to help prevent excess graphite from smearing is through the use of eraser dust. Eraser dust can be purchased in a shaker can or in a cleaning pad. |
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Above 1565K, the phase diagram shows that carbon-saturated alloy melts could yield graphite upon cooling, followed by Mn7C3 through a ternary peritectic reaction. |
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