| However, the form of dichogamy is likely to have different consequences for autogamy versus geitonogamy. |
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| Together, the three modes of geitonogamy make a much larger contribution to self-fertilization than autogamy. |
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| Both species use a mixed breeding system, consisting of xenogamy, geitonogamy, and autogamy. |
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| In this study, I use floral manipulations in conjunction with marker gene analysis to estimate the relative contributions of autogamy and geitonogamy to self fertilization. |
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| However, there were several flowers open on each marked branch, so the reduction in geitonogamy from emasculating only one flower was probably minor. |
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| No differences were noted in pollen germination, pollen tube growth or fertilization between experimental tests of xenogamy and geitonogamy in S. mucugensis. |
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| Protogyny may also reduce geitonogamy if the flowers on an inflorescence develop so that all open flowers are in either male or female phase at any given time. |
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| Inefficient beetle-pollination and the automimicry system via asynchronous flowering might be responsible for the high level of pollen shortage and frequent geitonogamy. |
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| This will often involve visiting multiple flowers on the same plant, leading to geitonogamy. |
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| Nonetheless, self-crossing is common, but in the form of geitonogamy. |
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| Geitonogamy can be due to self-pollination between flowers on the same branch, different flowering branches of the same plant, or different ramets of the same clonal genet. |
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