| Furthermore, logs provide persistent, exposed substrate where thalloid gametophytes can escape smothering by deciduous hardwood leaf litter. |
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| The gametes are isogamous or anisogamous and are produced from the plurilocular sporangia of gametophytes. |
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| The tetraspores and the gametophytes are the only haploid stages in the coralline algae. |
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| Bryophytes are characterized by their dominant gametophytic plant body and their sporophytes epiphytic to gametophytes. |
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| It is concluded that mosses suffer detrimental effects after exposure to Asulox at concentrations similar to those that affect fern gametophytes such as bracken. |
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| A stereomicroscope and a compound light microscope were used to work out the density and to examine the morphology, sizes and genders of the gametophytes. |
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| To expose gametophytes to particular photoperiodic conditions, the bagged Petri plates were placed in a light-tight box over which was installed the fluorescent source. |
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| The surface wall of Tmesipteris gametophytes does not have the appearance of a suberized wall. |
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| The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes. |
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| Second, these gametophytes produced archegoniophores that elevated archegonia above the substrate. |
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| After 8 to 9 weeks, archegonia had developed on the lower surface of the gametophytes just behind the growing apex. |
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| These independent haploid plants are gametophytes that produce gametes mitotically. |
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| Therefore, light irradiation on her1 spores was possibly inhibiting the negative gravitropism of her1 gametophytes. |
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| Unicellular papillate hairs appeared on marginal, dorsal, and ventral surfaces of the gametophytes. |
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| Those gametophytes consisted of short, curved uniseriate filaments of 2-3 cells, some bearing antheridia. |
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| The female gametophytes grow to produce two or more archegonia, each of which contains an egg. |
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| Sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis, that grow into gametophytes. |
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| Liverworts, mosses and hornworts spend most of their lives as gametophytes. |
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| Moss gametophytes have stems which may be simple or branched and upright or prostrate. |
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| Since moss gametophytes are autotrophic they require enough sunlight to perform photosynthesis. |
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| The remaining plates were then exposed to continuous white light and the protonemata began planar growth into gametophytes. |
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| The microspores develop into pollen grains, which are male gametophytes. |
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| In this scenario, the land could have been populated by extremely simple thalloid or even filamentous gametophytes that produced gametes and zygotes. |
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| Delayed growth of mycoheterotrophic gametophytes under natural conditions would increase the time available for colonization by appropriate mycorrhizal fungi. |
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| Therefore, it is still unclear how the gametophytes, which appear as highly vacuolate, unprotected cells in a single layer, can survive without desiccation or even through it. |
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| The term monoicous may be used where antheridia and archegonia occur on the same gametophyte and the term dioicous where they occur on different gametophytes. |
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| The reproductive biology of gametophytes of homosporous ferns. |
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| Most studies of spore germination in seedless vascular plants have involved species that develop surficial, photosynthetic gametophytes following spore germination. |
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| Gametophytes became sexually mature in 2 weeks and the first leaves of the sporophytes became visible in about 4 weeks. |
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| Gametophytes first produced antheridia and archegonia after seven weeks of culture. |
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| Gametophytes have substantial asexual reproduction by fragmentation, producing much of the living material in sphagnum peatlands. |
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