| Cycloadditon of one of the double bonds on either the furan or the pyrone ring of a psoralen molecule forms a monoadduct. |
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| While a furan unit is part of the polychlorinated dibenzofuran structure, these are very different compounds with different effects. |
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| Many plants make use of furocoumarins, in which a coumarin is bonded to a furan ring, as protective substances. |
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| In other words, dioxin and furan production decreases with the increase of chlorine availability. |
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| This study, however, stays firmly focussed on the standard for dioxin and furan emissions. |
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| However, there is currently a lack of quantitative data for all types of foods and ways on how furan levels may be reduced in heattreated foods. |
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| Prior to the group's meetings to draft the dioxin and furan standards, participants believed that the main point of contention would be over the numerical limits. |
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| The simplest member of the furan family of oxygen heterocycles, furan itself, is converted industrially by hydrogenation to tetrahydrofuran. |
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| Concerning furan, discussions with the authorities in Europe were at an early stage. |
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| In the case of toxic dioxin and furan, we agree that an outright ban of these highly toxic substances is required. |
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| Furan, a colourless, volatile liquid used in some chemical manufacturing industries, causes cancer in animals in studies where animals are exposed to furan at high doses. |
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| Several studies have demonstrated that only the 5-nitrofurans are mutagenic and that derivatives with the nitro group outside the furan ring do not show mutagenic activity. |
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| Every boiler covered by this standard will be tested twice per year to determine the level of dioxin and furan air emissions for the years prior to 2003 and annually for the years 2003 and thereafter. |
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| During pyrolysis, thermodegradation breaks down furan and pyran heterocycles in lignin, producing a large diversity of volatile compounds while more stable aromatic cores only loose some side groups. |
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| Where testing is not possible or will not provide reliable results, an audit of the dioxin and furan emission reductions associated with waste diversion or other measures is an acceptable alternative. |
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| These can react with chlorine to form toxic dioxin and toxic furan. |
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| Further, it states that its monitoring program will allow it to eliminate the sources of other forms of dioxin and furan if significant levels are found. |
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| Their purpose is to reduce possible precursors to toxic dioxin and furan. |
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| New reports examine furan and perchlorate and addenda are provided for earlier reports on acrylamide, arsenic, deoxynivalenol, and mercury. |
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| Terasawa et al produced a lignocellulose molded product with adequate moisture resistance by mixing the bioresin with furan resin. |
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| Research in the past has shown that ionizing radiation can induce the formation of furan in solutions of simple sugars and ascorbic acid. |
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| It is necessary to generate reliable data across the European Community on levels of furan in heat treated foodstuffs in order to enable EFSA to carry out a reliable risk assessment. |
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| A general reduction of dioxin, furan and PCB levels in the environment and humans has already been achieved over the past two decades, in particular through control of industrial emission sources, like waste incineration. |
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| Dehydration of certain carbohydrates yields furan derivatives. |
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| Measures to be explored include feed and process modifications to prevent or reduce dioxin and furan formation, as well as emission control upgrades. |
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| Many other furan derivatives occur naturally, including vitamin C. The structures of furfural and vitamin C are: The sulfur heterocycle thiophene and related compounds are found in coal tar and crude petroleum. |
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| Out of many synthetic resins for soil stabilisation, carbamide, acrylic, urethane, furan and resorcinol-formaldehyde resins proved to be the most suitable. |
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