Barons or lesser feudal chieftains replicated this structure, which was not a flexible or adaptive one. |
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Trade was controlled through feudal guilds, and detailed sumptuary regulations governed the lives of all social classes. |
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In a feudal system there is always another member of the clan to step forward to assume the leadership. |
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Indeed, promoting capitalism often results in a system that resembles medieval feudal societies. |
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His role as an American warrior in feudal Japan meant long days in bulky armor swinging a hefty sword. |
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Forgive me if in the 21st century I don't want to be celebrating our former feudal overlords. |
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Here we see the germ of a practice which later on developed into the European feudal system. |
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These are not entirely manageable or malleable cultural instruments the way that feudal institutions were. |
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I had already done a theocratic technocracy, so why not a feudal democracy? |
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Japanese feudal lords had invaded Korea and brought with them skilled Korean artisans. |
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Fighting in that country during the feudal period was considered to be the work of professional men-at-arms. |
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I am sure that living in tied accommodation, in almost a feudal situation, is an extra cause of stress. |
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The operation of these plantations resembled the feudal manors of medieval Europe. |
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Meanwhile, the Maoists appealed for a united front against feudal autocracy. |
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Above all they made for muniment rooms, where terriers and other records of feudal obligations were held. |
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She has become the noble and marriageable daughter of a wealthy feudal lord. |
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It was normally possible to make a payment, known as scutage or shield money, in place of performing feudal military service. |
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This is the fundamental difference between kingdoms, theocracies, feudal states, and a democratic republic. |
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Europe took refuge in a feudal system in the face of increasing barbarian invasion. |
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With its prehistoric burial mounds, barrows and encampments, its feudal laws and time-trapped settlements, the New Forest is anything but. |
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The 1868 Meiji restoration in Japan kickstarted the transformation of a feudal backwater into a textbook example of modernity almost overnight. |
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First, they must be free from feudal ties, which would otherwise prevent them from entering any sort of market transaction. |
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Whether you live in a feudal system or a meritocracy, the only ambitions worth having are for your soul. |
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One could argue that the feudal system of lords and serfs was a form of sharecropping. |
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The power of feudal lords was reduced, and the richest settlers progressively gained control of uncultivated land. |
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Both in Europe and in China, the social order of feudal society showed the brutality, benightedness and hypocrisy of the feudal ruling classes. |
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Her jaw was square and had a set to it, which bespoke of centuries of feudal authority. |
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When land was held by feudal tenure, military service was due from a tenant to his lord. |
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Under the clan system they were pressed into feudal military service by their clan chiefs. |
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This ideologically sets the country apart from other feudal, traditional, theocratic, primordial or monarchal systems of government. |
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Because of increasingly complex feudal contracts, English kings ruled parts of France and conflict between the two monarchies was common. |
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Last year, he attacked the Scottish Executive for breaching his human rights by abolishing the feudal system. |
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The Sunday market was renting land owned by the feoffees, an ancient feudal society with land rights. |
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A new type of human being was rising up from its subaltern feudal origins and making its demands known. |
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Derived from traditional Germanic law, feudal law was very different from Roman law. |
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Henry II came to Ireland in order to secure the feudal loyalty of the Normans, and many Irish chieftains. |
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The changed orientation of government was exemplified in the monarchy's new dependence on parliamentary taxes rather than feudal dues. |
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A similar pattern evolved in countries which were in the Roman empire or were part of the feudal system. |
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The sets are craggy, and one might suppose that the feudal clans of Scotland were cave-dwellers. |
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After the Ottoman Empire gained general control of the area in 1516, Lebanon continued to maintain a feudal system of rule by local chieftains. |
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They may be clamouring for democracy and progress, but Lebanon's chieftains are feudal at heart. |
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This distinction can be traced back to the land tenure system of feudal times. |
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Fortunately, reason prevailed, the feudal overlords decamped, and no-one was killed. |
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Big farmers in the area come from a strongly patriarchal and feudal background. |
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A feudal magnate could exercise more power over his tenants than the king who was his overlord. |
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With the help of his feudal overlord Henry I of France, William, aged twenty, crushed the revolt on the field of Vales Dunes, near Caen. |
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Especially in the province of Moray, there were also feudal groups which adopted clanship. |
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Such absolute power can easily corrupt, and it is no wonder that the feudal system in Pakistan is humanly degrading. |
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By the end of the ninth century the feudal system had bound together the greater part of the population. |
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The right to teach at the universities was often granted like a title of land in the feudal system. |
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Shankar himself broke away from the stranglehold of feudal culture where the patron's command was total. |
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Why do we insist on a human sacrifice just so we can cheerfully retain a feudal head of state for us to torment? |
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The cause of their victimization was nothing but hated against us from a hate-mongering feudal and military ruling class. |
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The Viking Age ended when many states in Europe developed the feudal system. |
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For a modest rent, the holders of these burgages, the burgesses, became free men, and were released from any feudal services to an overlord. |
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Authoritarianism is thus engrained in the feudal personality and is as essential to the feudal system as oxygen is to human life. |
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Instead, they were answerable to a complex of hereditary or franchise jurisdictions in the hands of the feudal nobility. |
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The feudal system and the feu disposition has been a useful tool for property developers in both the public and private sectors. |
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The Chamberlain brought in revenue, locally supported by the officials of royal burghs, and feudal barons. |
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In the feudal relationship, a vassal owed loyalty and service to a lord according to the terms of their personal agreement. |
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The feudal deference, and the ingrate privileges, crumble under the pressure for social equity. |
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So it's pretty much like a feudal system of the kings where people are thrown into prison and they have no way of getting out. |
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With the abolition of the feudal system, the superior's right to enforce these restrictions will disappear. |
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Churchill was a remnant of a feudal system and his contempt for progress expressed itself in his attitude towards workers. |
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It was a progressive movement whenever it was directed against feudal particularism. |
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Unlike his comrades-in-arms from Choshu, Satsuma and other samurai clans, he was not bound to the service of feudal lord and clan. |
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During the feudal period between the ninth and twelfth centuries AD, the Flemish and Walloon cultures continued developing along separate lines. |
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Nor should it be thought that Marx's defence of democratic rights only extended to countries in which there was feudal absolutism. |
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Greedy and acquisitive, he set his sights on this land in order to carve out a feudal domain for himself. |
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Born into an upper-class family with a feudal culture, Zohra frequently noticed unfair treatment around her. |
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Many of the exiled agas eventually found their ways back from Syria and took up their feudal roles, but they did not reclaim this village. |
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I'm not a feudal vassal, thank God, as all that toiling in the fields ages one horribly. |
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There had been a storm, though, I think, and the ship had run aground on an island ruled by some sort of nasty feudal overlord. |
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In Scotland the role of the feudal lord was superimposed upon the more ancient status of chief of a clan or kindred. |
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A feudal prince must be wise in controlling the nobles and keeping the people content. |
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He sought retreat in a feudal world of deference, aristocracy and hierarchy. |
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Africa's poverty won't be lifted unless its kleptocratic governments and feudal economic systems change. |
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Revolutionary pamphleteers denounced it as a resurrection of discredited feudal privileges. |
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The feudal system meant that knights had to provide the king with soldiers when the king demanded them. |
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The pastoralist class disperse the great mass of peasants who traditionally worked the land under the thumb of feudal landlords. |
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After the Norman Conquest the system of feudal landholding required the lord of the manor to provide a court for his tenants. |
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They had left the feudal system of Scotland for a more individualistic way of life. |
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The later Middle Ages was a period when royal feudal rights are usually considered to have been in retreat in England. |
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A liberated people had nothing to fear from the despots and aristocrats of feudal Europe. |
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The Scottish Parliament is already in the process of dismantling our antiquated feudal system of land laws. |
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Princes, clerics, and feudal lords often levied taxes, tithes, and rents as shares of certain crops. |
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The Anglo-Saxons used oaths not only to swear fealty to feudal lords, but also to ensure honesty during legal proceedings and transactions. |
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This reliance on the local lord of the manor was all part of the feudal system introduced by William the Conqueror. |
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In feudal times the serfs had to rely on the beneficence of the lord of the manor. |
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The country's tragedy is that most of its modern leaders are a corrupt, feudal lot. |
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Tribal loyalties and feudal social structures distort the democratic process. |
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Edward IV and Henry VII restored their authority by attainders and forfeitures coupled to the rigorous exploitation of the king's feudal rights. |
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The feudal origins of modern land law include rights and obligations that rest uneasily within 21st-century concepts of human rights. |
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Sometimes the new feudal lord was welcomed as a patron and protector. |
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That Silicon Valley is moving away from capitalism toward feudalism, with tech CEOs as feudal lords, and this is a good thing. |
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But they felt discriminated against by the local political bosses and feudal lords who ran the city. |
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The term feudal is often associated with William and the Normans, suggesting a system whereby a tenant or vassal held land from the King or his superiors. |
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But the feudal system also allowed for Church functionaries, for instance the abbots of powerful monarchies, to adopt something of a baronial role. |
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Up to the late 1700's, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it's the sensible option for feudal, violent societies of mostly right-handed people. |
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In the Papal States, the urban nobilities and feudal barons were subject, at least in name, to clerical officials appointed by their overlord the Pope. |
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During this period, Malta was sold and resold to various feudal lords and barons and was dominated successively by the rulers of Swabia, Aquitaine, Aragon, Castile, and Spain. |
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It swept away the old feudal order of aristocrats and kings. |
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In feudal times, slaves, serfs, and peasants were forced to work through different mechanisms, but the coercion and social control they experienced was external to work. |
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Merchants were allied to feudal lords who protected their interests. |
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During the eighteenth century, the great French seigneurs also revivified their ancient feudal rights to levy tolls on trade passing through their domains. |
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A code of behavior, chivalry, evolved from these feudal contests of skill. |
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The previous neatly ordered view of the universe, with the Earth at the centre, reinforced the rigid feudal order with serfs at the bottom and the Pope at the pinnacle. |
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The Caliphate became a monarchy, first absolute, then nominal, controlled by oligarchies, feudal lords, warlords, tribal chiefs and regional chieftains. |
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Thus the Normans, after the Conquest, found a system of land tenure which, in part at least, was not unlike the feudal system which covered continental Europe. |
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Once feudal lords, the Malay rulers now perform a largely ceremonial role. |
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From the dissolution of feudal ties emerge squabbling subjects nursing secret grievances, haughtily guarding caste privileges, or jealously policing petty distinctions. |
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Such concepts were derived partly from the feudal and chivalric traditions in which land was held from the Crown in exchange for the performance of military duties. |
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The dissolution of the feudal estates by the Revolution produced a purely atomistic society, characterized by the assertion of individual property right. |
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Bourgeois monetary relations were breaking down the old feudal ties that had existed in England and which had been grounded in a largely subsistence agricultural economy. |
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In 1163, he attempted to firmly define his rights as feudal overlord of the Welsh princes by demanding oaths of vassalage from them at the Council of Woodstock. |
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Regret about the abolition of droit de seigneur and the right of feudal overlords to flog peasants may be comic, but it is hardly an interesting political philosophy. |
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These oath-takings are critical to Tolkien's mythologising of the past because they reproduce the feudal bonds that a vassal pays to his liege lord. |
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The need then for an alternate development model that was pro-poor, pro-women and anti-caste was urgent as caste and feudal values inhibited the process of development. |
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Provenal literature in the medieval period consisted chiefly of the lyric poetry composed by the troubadours for the feudal courts of the Midi, northern Italy, and Spain. |
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In an earlier period, when they were directed against feudal particularism and colonialism, struggles to form nation-states had a progressive content, were unifying movements. |
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As a consequence, Francis renounced his claims to Italy, his possession of the duchy of Burgundy and his feudal suzerainty over Flanders and Artois. |
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Property division and the redemption of feudal fees aroused numerous disputes between feudatories and comuni, requiring a lengthy examination of titles and deeds. |
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The feudal system created a bond between the king and a tenant-in-chief, between the latter and a mesne lord or between a mesne lord and a vassal. |
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The grant of the lordship of Ireland could be interpreted as leaving the papacy as ultimate feudal overlord and thus make possible a native appeal against the king of England. |
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Before then it was possible for a tenant to grant land to another tenant, who would owe him service, thus creating a further subtenancy and extending the feudal ladder. |
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Yet sceptics argued that a large modern republic was not possible in Europe, with its overpowerful feudal nobilities and its hordes of miserable poor. |
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We too are firmly of the view that a line needs to be drawn on the barbaric and cruel country pursuits steeped in the feudal values of an age gone by. |
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The monarch was subject to God, to the law of the land, and to his feudal court. |
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The three estates of feudal lords, clergy and royal officers met in separate chambers, and exercised an advisory role. |
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Edward I, who had coerced recognition as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority. |
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The country was divided between the Marcher Lords, who gave feudal allegiance to the crown, and the Principality of Wales. |
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The power of the feudal barons to control their landholding was considerably weakened in 1290 by the statute of Quia Emptores. |
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Norman French became dominant among the new feudal aristocracy, especially in southern Scotland, and completely displaced Gaelic at court. |
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A legal system, in which Roman law was mixed with elements of canon law and of Germanic custom, especially feudal law, had emerged. |
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However, the administration of government took on a very conservative feudal character. |
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The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare. |
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Initially invited to arbitrate a succession dispute, Edward claimed feudal suzerainty over the kingdom. |
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Now he insisted that, if he were to settle the contest, he had to be fully recognised as Scotland's feudal overlord. |
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They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, marching on London, Lincoln, and Exeter. |
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Despite this, the King appealed to Pope Innocent for help in July, arguing that the charter compromised the Pope's rights as John's feudal lord. |
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Most of the 1215 charter and later versions sought to govern the feudal rights of the Crown over the barons. |
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The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated, and artillery became important. |
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The feudal system was slowly disintegrating throughout the hundred years war. |
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The wars were fought largely by the landed aristocracy and armies of feudal retainers, with some mercenaries. |
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He set up a series of new republics, complete with new codes of law and abolition of old feudal privileges. |
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It abolished tithes owed to local churches as well as feudal dues owed to local landlords. |
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On one of the western slopes of the Jura, looking towards France, stood the feudal mansion of Grammont. |
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Napoleon directly overthrew feudal remains in much of western Continental Europe. |
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England however was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark. |
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A typical Great Council would consist of archbishops, bishops, abbots, barons and earls, the pillars of the feudal system. |
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In exchange for his release, William was forced to acknowledge Henry as his feudal overlord. |
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In 1950, land reform was accomplished in East Bengal with the abolition of the permanent settlement and the feudal zamindari system. |
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In feudal Europe, the working class as such did not exist in large numbers. |
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Siam was an aftermath of King Rama V's bureaucratic reforms, which aimed to transform the feudal Thai society into a modernized state. |
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This signified a close relationship between feudal lords and the Church, one of the most important institutions of medieval society. |
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The Tokugawa shogunate was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. |
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Though a friend of the crown, he opposed feudal privileges and dictatorial powers. |
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Others participated to satisfy feudal obligations, obtain glory and honour, or seek opportunities for economic and political gain. |
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Coats of arms came into general use by feudal lords and knights in battle in the 12th century. |
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Land, for instance, was granted by the Crown to lords in exchange for feudal services and they, in turn, granted the land to lesser lords. |
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The obligations and corresponding rights between lord and vassal concerning the fief form the basis of the feudal relationship. |
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Fealty comes from the Latin fidelitas and denotes the fidelity owed by a vassal to his feudal lord. |
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Once the commendation ceremony was complete, the lord and vassal were in a feudal relationship with agreed obligations to one another. |
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This security of military help was the primary reason the lord entered into the feudal relationship. |
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Concerning the king's feudal court, such deliberation could include the question of declaring war. |
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However, even when the original feudal relationships had disappeared, there were many institutional remnants of feudalism left in place. |
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During the reign of the Stuarts, Scotland developed from a relatively poor and feudal country into a prosperous, modern and centralised state. |
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In feudal and dynastic terms, the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II, whose own mother was French. |
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Poland was developing as a feudal state, with a predominantly agricultural economy and an increasingly powerful landed nobility. |
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During the Renaissance, most of Europe was still by and large following the feudal economic model. |
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Moreover, feudalism was dying, and the feudal armies controlled by the barons became obsolete. |
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It became the basis of Scots law, though partly rivaled by received feudal Norman law. |
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Emperor Francis II abdicated, ending more than 960 years of feudal government. |
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The state ceased to owe an obligation to any feudal lord beyond its borders. |
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Scottish armies of the late medieval era depended on a combination of familial, communal and feudal forms of service. |
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He treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state and repeatedly humiliated the new king. |
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The newly enthroned king acknowledged King Edward as his feudal superior and thus sowed the seeds of his demise. |
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These were feudal tenants who held their lands from the King, and would pay their dues directly to the exchequer. |
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India was essentially feudal, politically fragmented and not as economically advanced as Western Europe. |
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The use of the title prince was a recognition of the ruler of Gwynedd in relation to the wider international feudal world. |
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The king had jurisdiction only in treason cases, though the lords each bore personal allegiance to the king as feudal subjects. |
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The whole contract including the oath of fealty was part of a formal commendation ceremony that created the feudal relationship. |
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During the Warring States period, the pacifist Mohist School opposed aggressive war between the feudal states. |
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The kingdom of Aragon also introduced the feudal system into the areas of Sardinia that it ruled. |
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The conquest of Sardinia by the Kingdom of Aragon meant the introduction of the feudal system throughout Sardinia. |
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A popular revolution against this and the feudal lords, led by Sambucuccio d'Alando, got the aid of Genoa. |
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This rebellion was driven by the great feudal lords and sovereign courts as a reaction to the rise of royal absolute power in France. |
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By turning powerful feudal lords into courtiers at the Palace of Versailles, Louis XIV's personal power became unchallenged. |
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During the Middle Ages, many fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers. |
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The merging of the Scandinavian and native elements contributed to the creation of one of the most powerful feudal states of Western Europe. |
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A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. |
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Henry had often allied himself with the Holy Roman Emperor against France, making the feudal relationship even more challenging. |
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Armies of the period could be formed from either feudal or mercenary forces. |
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They congregated at Northampton in May and renounced their feudal ties to John, appointing Robert fitz Walter as their military leader. |
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Philip transformed France from a small feudal state into the most prosperous and powerful country in Europe. |
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In 1202, disaffected patrons petitioned the French king to summon John to answer their charges in his capacity as John's feudal lord in France. |
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From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. |
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Japan's feudal era was characterized by the emergence and dominance of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai. |
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Fulk also inherited the county of Maine, but refused to recognise Henry as his feudal lord and instead allied himself with Louis. |
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Like many cities at the time, in 1215 Bayonne obtained the award of a municipal charter and was emancipated from feudal powers. |
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The use of the national or feudal levy was gradually replaced by paid troops of domestic retinues or foreign mercenaries. |
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She exercised her rights and privileges as feudal overlord of the Isle of Wight. |
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These subdivisions are hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, and feudal. |
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The manors were large holdings with the work done by feudal peasant farmers. |
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The feudal system was gradually abolished in the late 18th century, starting with the crown lands in 1765 and later the estates of the nobility. |
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This was the feudal system, in which new princes and kings arose, the greatest of which was the Frank ruler Charlemagne. |
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Furthermore, the French armies in the 1790s and 1800s directly overthrew feudal remains in much of western Europe. |
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Medieval Japan developed a feudal system similar to the European system, where land was held in exchange for military service. |
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Germanic subjects had been replaced by the feudal system of the Three Estates of the Realm. |
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This freedom was eventually eroded by the increase in power of feudal lords and the manorial system. |
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The Middle Ages, from beginning to end, and particularly the feudal era, lived under the sign of private vengeance. |
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The court of Ferdinand and Isabella was constantly on the move, in order to bolster local support for the crown from local feudal lords. |
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Between the 12th and 13th centuries, Italy was vastly different from feudal Europe north of the Alps. |
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The rule of Sultan Said bin Taimur was characterised by a feudal and isolationist approach. |
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The peones were peasants who went to battle in service of their feudal lord. |
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The fueros provided a means of escape from the feudal system, as fueros were only granted by the monarch. |
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The earliest political system used during the conquista period was the encomienda system, which resembled the feudal system in medieval Europe. |
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Japan was at war during the Sengoku Period between 1467 and 1590, as feudal lords vied for supremacy. |
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During the Middle Ages, a huge quantity of fortified castles were built by Galician feudal nobles to mark their powers against their rivals. |
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Some feudal lords sporadically asserted independence from Kazan, but such attempts would be promptly suppressed. |
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The Habsburg kings regarded their colonies as feudal associations rather than integral parts of Spain. |
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Under the feudal system, the Council was made up of the Monarch, the Great Officers of the Crown and anyone else the Monarch allowed to attend. |
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The Code, with its stress on clearly written and accessible law, was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws. |
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There were also exemptions, privileges, and special charters granted by the kings or other feudal lords. |
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The Act effectively made the beneficial owner of the land the legal owner and therefore liable for feudal dues. |
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The Lombard Libri Feudorum and the French Beaumanoir reduced to some sort of order the customary feudal law of Europe. |
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Like most feudal offices, earldoms were inherited, but the kings frequently asked earls to resign or exchange earldoms. |
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Illustrating the extent to which there was a great degree of technological innovation that met the growing needs of the feudal state. |
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The right to private property was a crucial demand in early quests for political freedom and equality, and against feudal control of property. |
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The knights were drawn to battle by feudal and social obligation, and also by the prospect of profit and advancement. |
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Mencius's disciples included a large number of feudal lords, and he is said to have been more influential than Confucius had been. |
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The technique of centralized government being so little developed, they deputed authority to feudal lords. |
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One of the changes he instituted was the feudal system where he gave properties to men with the understanding that they owed him service. |
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In feudal Japan there was no custom of ransoming prisoners of war, who were for the most part summarily executed. |
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Scattalds are unique to Shetland and are based on udal law, rather than the feudal law that predominated in the rest of Scotland. |
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Okehampton was the caput of a large feudal barony, which at the time of the Domesday Book was held by Baldwin FitzGilbert. |
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His autocracy had been transformed into a system of feudal baronies, with president Fitzsimmons as the slack-handed overseer. |
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The sororate was operative during the feudal period, at least among the feudal lords. |
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On Sark, horses and carts and feudal traditions still remain strong. |
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The forced repartimiento of native workers was made by an organization of feudal origin called encomienda. |
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Fierce, red-haired Bruce MacLennan proves himself in battle and earns a lairdship in feudal Scotland. |
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Previously, traditional, monarchic, hereditary and feudal methods were used to hold on to power and authority. |
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Moreover, this mingling of daimyo and shogun formed closer bonds than most feudal lords elsewhere shared with their kings. |
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The kiss also served as a sign of trust between feudal lords and vassals. |
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Several of his family and next of kin had feudal holdings in Laanemaa and Hiiumaa, legally in Magnus' possession. |
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It is set in a world of feudal fiefdoms around a great lake, ruled over by a king. |
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Based on feudal law, the ceremony was once a common sight across the land and noted in the Domesday Book. |
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The other half, the estates, still remain subject to feudal law under home-grown and absentee owners. |
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The intendants' trumped-up claims to tax the allods forced the Dijonnais avocats not only to do research but to celebrate what was, for them, a living feudal jurisprudence. |
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For Japan to emerge from the feudal period, it had to avoid the colonial fate of other Asian countries by establishing genuine national independence and equality. |
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This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan during which Japanese society moved from being an isolated feudal society to its modern form. |
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Terms of rent for land were becoming subject to economic market forces rather than to the previous stagnant system of custom and feudal obligation. |
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The vestry committees evolved in ecclesiastical parishes out of the feudal system and the removal of the influence of the Church after the Reformation. |
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This was largely focused on the west coast, with the Exchequer Rolls of 1326 recording the feudal duties of his vassals in that region to aid him with their vessels and crews. |
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States are but one of several political orders that emerged from feudal Europe, others being city states, leagues, and empires with universalist claims to authority. |
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These scholars managed to merge Roman law with legal concepts taken from traditional Dutch feudal customary law, especially from the province of Holland. |
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Also, much of this early law was superseded by later feudal law. |
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The vast majority of the text is devoted to real property, this being the most valuable sort in the feudal law upon which the English law of land was founded. |
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Henry's chief impact on the development of the English monarchy was to increase the jurisdiction of the royal courts at the expense of the feudal courts. |
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In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty. |
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This relationship between a chieftain and his followers became the basis for the more complicated feudal system that developed in medieval Europe. |
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An ancient feudal law under which homeowners are being charged thousands of pounds by their 'lord of the manor' must be scrapped, an MP demanded yesterday. |
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Young women who adopt urban attire deny cotemporality to their locally dressed counterparts by accusing them of feudal marital and dating practices. |
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He pointed out the parliament is already making laws on school standards, feudal law, public finance and accountability and on standards in public life. |
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At the time, land ownership in England was based on the feudal system. |
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Both the Sui and Tang Dynasties had turned away from the more feudal culture of the preceding Northern Dynasties, in favor of staunch civil Confucianism. |
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In times of war, boyars were compelled by the feudal system of allegiance to supply the prince with troops in accordance with the extent of their manorial domain. |
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After the Norman Conquest in 1066, feudal rule was established in Dorset and the bulk of the land was divided between the Crown and ecclesiastical institutions. |
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With the decay of the feudal system and the military revolution of the 16th century, the militia began to become an important institution in English life. |
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Henry was angry that Conan had turned against his feudal lord. |
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Created in the year 862 as a feudal fief in West Francia, the County of Flanders was divided when its western districts fell under French rule in the late 12th century. |
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Instead of an equal portion of the inheritance, the younger sons of the Capetian kings received an appanage, which is a feudal territory under the suzerainty of the king. |
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The term is applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies. |
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More often, badges commemorated some remarkable exploit, illustrated a family or feudal alliance, or indicated some territorial rights or pretensions. |
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Nabeshima ware was produced in kilns owned by that family of feudal lords, and used decoration in the Japanese tradition, much of it related to textile design. |
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The Prince of Gwynedd had been recognised by the English Crown as Prince of Wales in 1267, holding his lands with the king of England as his feudal overlord. |
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Henry II raised his feudal host and marched into Wales from Chester. |
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The battle was mentioned because of the declaration James IV had made at Twiselhaugh respecting the heritage of the heirs of potential casualties, which waived feudal fees. |
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This represented a transformation for one raised as a feudal knight. |
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John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey's feudal army of 3,000 cavalry and 8,000 to 10,000 infantry met disaster as they crossed over to the north side of the river. |
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In the spring of 1296, Andrew Moray, together with his father and uncle, joined the Scottish feudal host assembling in preparation for the impending conflict. |
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In line with this desire, Edward demanded in May 1291 that his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland be recognised before he would step in and act as arbiter. |
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The combination of agnatic kinship and a feudal system of obligation has been seen as creating the highland clan system, evident in records from the 13th century. |
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The feudal oligarchial cabinet of Akilou Habte Wolde was toppled, and a new government was formed with Endelkachew Makonnen serving as Prime Minister. |
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Although the kingdom of Navarre did adopt feudalism, most Basques also possessed unusual social institutions different from those of the rest of feudal Europe. |
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The various historic sources of Scots law, including custom, feudal law, canon law, civilian ius commune and English law have created a hybrid or mixed legal system. |
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They were appointed by feudal lord conferences, and thus were nominally obliged to uphold the imperium of the Zhou Dynasty over the subordinate states. |
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Additionally, many smaller scale feudal lordships were created. |
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David established large scale feudal lordships in the west of his Cumbrian principality for the leading members of the French military entourage who kept him in power. |
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Medieval monarchs were not sovereign, at least not strongly so, because they were constrained by, and shared power with, their feudal aristocracy. |
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It transmitted itself in the emerging feudal world that took its place. |
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Other scholars have by contrast stressed the subversive aspects of the legend, and see in the medieval Robin Hood ballads a plebeian literature hostile to the feudal order. |
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Early on, manning a castle was a feudal duty of vassals to their magnates, and magnates to their kings, however this was later replaced with paid forces. |
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Typically, a castle was the residence of a feudal lord, providing the owner with a secure base from which to control his lands, and also a symbol of wealth and power. |
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In 1155 the only English pope, Adrian IV, authorised King Henry II of England to take possession of Ireland as a feudal territory nominally under papal overlordship. |
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The resulting labour shortage led to changes in feudal practices. |
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The chief tax imposed by Charles was a feudal levy known as ship money, which proved even more unpopular, and lucrative, than poundage and tonnage before it. |
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These included a weakening of the feudal power of the nobles and an increase in the power of the merchant classes, and the growth of a centralised monarchy under the Tudors. |
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The classical view is that the many casualties among the nobility continued the changes in feudal English society caused by the effects of the Black Death. |
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The French reorganised the superior numbers of their feudal levies into a modern professional army and retook Paris, Rouen, Bordeaux and Normandy. |
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