How to use externalities in a sentence

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Sentence Examples In contrast, standards and network externalities do not affect biotechnology industry dynamics. This is epitome of blindness, that mere externalities blind one to reality, even when it is right before one's face. The correction of negative externalities provides one economic justification for the Tobin tax. In the case of physical externalities such as pollution, we can often assign property rights as a way of settling disputes and improving matters. Traditional externalities, such as limiting the spread of contagious diseases, explain little of modern government involvement with health. Markets of themselves cannot provide efficient water prices in the face of unpriced environmental externalities. However, privileged access to positive externalities is merely a roundabout way of saying that opportunities are unequal. Governments can set water prices but this will only achieve efficient prices if the environmental externalities can be measured accurately. Network externalities occur when markets characterized by network effects fail to allocate resources properly. The first is to address negative externalities that aren't reflected in market prices. Although the definition is whiffy, some green jobs clearly have positive externalities. Enormous environmental externalities also result from our over-dependence upon cars, especially in air pollution and in the emission of greenhouse gases. Since bank failures impose costs on everyone else, the banking system needs more regulations to internalize those externalities. The untaxed costs of water abstraction are below the marginal social costs because the user does not pay for these environmental externalities. The proportion of goods and services that come along with externalities may change over time and differ across countries. Neither non-excludability nor externalities necessarily need to lead to public intervention. From an economic perspective, it is a network externalities story and a credible one. So the Ballmer announcement has me thinking about network externalities and Ibn Khaldun. That's network externalities in action, and it made Microsoft a monopolist. What sets these rules apart is the fact that the voluntary adhesion that they create is the result of network externalities. Show More Sentences Risks are particularly high in the presence of network externalities as then the winner takes it all. Network externalities dictate that there is much to gain from combining isolated pools of liquidity. Network externalities may not be inexhaustible, particularly for upstream clearing and settlement systems. The subproject concentrates on one potential effect: The generation of network externalities in new clusters. For all payments systems, network externalities are a prominent characteristic of the systems' architectures. Beyond mere inertia, network externalities guide the choice of a medium of exchange. Therefore, a high level of public control is needed to prevent the transport market from natural monopoly and from distortions by externalities. Sustainable development has given rise to various vision s of the world of the future, of possible tradeoffs and of externalities. Proposals for resolving these problems can be brought together under the coherent umbrella of tackling market externalities. Particularly important are externalities where the public damage done undermines the sustainability of business activity itself. A basic function of government is to make people pay for negative externalities. And at the same time, our federal government is setting aside and increasing funding for an industry that creates externalities. Since they're usually treated as externalities by economists, their true value is rarely reflected in decision making. We have to shed some light on the growth of this industry, which is continuing to create negative externalities. Internalising externalities would affect more to freight than to passenger road transport. The aim is to control and reduce the negative environmental externalities of company operations. The informal sector is generally criticized due to its negative externalities of air pollution and lack of road safety. Arthur argued that increasing returns from learning, network externalities, and technological complementarities lead one technology eventually to dominate a given market. It is also clear that the high externalities that come with investments in basic early education and basic non-applied research mean that we cannot simply count on the private sector to pick up the slack. Given greater scope to reap network externalities through advances in technology, competition among rival exchanges is often resolved through mergers and alliances. Show More Sentences However, because of the different structure and operations, the network externalities in proprietary acquisition networks, such as those for cheques and direct funds transfers, are more limited than in shared networks. Regardless of whether one is for or against the carbon tax, the debate has highlighted the critical need for identifying, measuring and assigning a market value to the negative externalities that affect the world's markets. Meanwhile Microsoft licensed its system to lots of people making cheap machines — and established a commanding position through network externalities. These instruments could combine the demand impulse for new cars with positive externalities in terms of transport security, reduction of emissions and others. By lowering their costs in this manner, governments theoretically allow these firms to provide more of these excess profits or externalities that benefit the country as a whole. In the era of globalization, the use by all countries of a widely accepted national reserve currency has its clear benefits, owing to network externalities. In the presence of network externalities the economic benefit one person receives from a product increases as the number of other users increases. Then the peoples will begin to awaken to the spiritual life, to what is true and eternal, destroying the externalities and materialism of the different cults, to content themselves with seeking the essence of my Law. Private markets will underproduce in the presence of such positive externalities because the costs of production for the firm are overstated and the profits are understated. These organizations forecasted technological change, defined trends in consumption and interregional migration, quantified externalities, and so on. Because of this, the judges are led to arbitrate between the different finalities, precisely through observation of externalities stemming from the implementation of the allocation of competences. The resulting levels of private production and consumption will be less than is socially optimal. The fundamental problem for the allocative efficiency of competitive markets arises from externalities. In general terms, this is a public service industry that has natural monopoly characteristics and is run accordingly, and that has large externalities in the areas of public health and environmental pollution. Moreover, consolidation in central counterparty clearing could not only facilitate integration, but may also help to reduce the cost of clearing by making use of economies of scale and network externalities. In standard cost-benefit analysis it is recognized that certain public goods or services have highly beneficial, though unpriced, spillover effects-often referred to as externalities. The outcome depends on the choices of which externalities to measure, what shadow price is chosen to represent each of them, and what discount rate is picked. When negative externalities are present, private markets will overproduce because the costs of production for the firm are understated and profits are overstated. It was 35 years ago that I learned, firsthand, about the negative externalities of American driving. The existence of these externalities makes the imposition of tariffs a rather ambiguous strategy. There is a common concern that the principle of strict earmarking may not be finally adopted, thus failing to achieve the goal of addressing externalities altogether. Show More Sentences Moreover, this method only partially internalizes the externalities of investments in the grid, as users are not compensated when their connection generates positive externalities for the grid. In this context it must be understood that the mere existence of externalities does not, of itself, provide justification for governments to compel polluters bear the costs. We can call it internalizing negative externalities. An 2012 EU study shows base cost of onshore wind power similar to coal, when subsidies and externalities are disregarded. The reports indicated much less development in the other area, that is, valuing the full range of products and services and internalizing the externalities from forests. In this diagram we have this idea of externalities, and whenever I explain this to anyone, my union members or anyone else, they get very angry that social and environmental factors are externalities, or they're externalized. The European Commission is particularly interested in the development of international transport within the Union, and in the internalization of externalities. Socialists argue that the accumulation of capital generates waste through externalities that require costly corrective regulatory measures. We know, and any economist will tell us, that if we are going to have a sound working economy, we have to internalize any negative externalities that the activities of those companies or persons cause. Based on these externalities, the broad objective identified presented a challenge to the evaluation in directly attributing results to projects undertaken within the agreements. Setting an efficient tax rate for self-supplied industry is analogous to setting a price on the externalities for a utility: the costs are poorly known and possibly unknowable. To some analysts, this is not a problem since they want a measure of the externalities that are bestowed on an economy by disembodied technological progress. Laws that act to limit externalities imposed upon human health and the environment may be assessed against this principle. This wait-and-see policy constitutes a net loss for companies, which cannot profit from the externalities due to employment of a better-qualified labour force in private activities. Athenian culture flourished in externalities, the open air of the agora and the nudity of the palestra. Water and sanitation services are public services that carry numerous externalities and must consequently be subject to economic, environmental and health regulation. In addition, while China's output is affected by advanced-country economic performance, its financial system is largely insulated from monetary-policy externalities. Like other types of pollution, this does not enter standard accounting of market costs, being conceived as externalities for which the market cannot account. In addition, oil consumption leads to externalities associated with energy security and to potential macroeconomic costs associated with oil dependency. This contagion can arise through various channels such as direct exposures through interlinkages, information contagion, and fire-sale externalities, to list a few. Show More Sentences Other economists might be less enthusiastic, as tariffs may reduce trade and there may be many spillovers and externalities involved with trade and tariffs. Nationalized industries, charged with operating in the public interest, may be under strong political and social pressures to give much more attention to externalities. Externalities occur where there are significant social costs or benefits from production or consumption that are not reflected in market prices. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with externalities What is the adverb for externalities? What is the adjective for externalities? What is the noun for externalities? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words externalistic externalist externalism externalise externalisation external conflict externality externalization externalize externalized externalizes externalizing 13-letter Words Starting With e ex ext exte exter extern externa external externali externalit externaliti