| As with other peridinioid dinoflagellates, calcareous dinoflagellate cysts most likely all have an archeopyle restricted to the epicyst. |
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| This is a small thecate dinoflagellate, almost pear-shaped, with a conical anterior end and a round posterior. |
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| It is possible that red tides don't occur during turbulent conditions because the turbulence prevents dinoflagellate populations from growing. |
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| The relatively large shear forces that stimulate dinoflagellate bioluminescence are higher than typical levels of oceanic turbulence. |
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| The dominant species of dinoflagellate associated with PSP in Canada are in the Alexandrium family, previously called Gonyaulax. |
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| Our laboratory works with the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra, a unicellular marine protist. |
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| Each dinoflagellate has two flagella, chloroplasts and Cellulose plates covering their body. |
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| The relative abundance of each poison varies with the species and strain of dinoflagellate. |
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| The rise and fall of toxic algae A. tamarense is a unicellular dinoflagellate that naturally occurs in the St. Lawrence ecosystem. |
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| These occur in various shapes and arrangements, depending on the species and sometimes on the stage of the dinoflagellate. |
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| In addition to their disproportionately large genomes, dinoflagellate nuclei are unique in their morphology, regulation, and composition. |
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| The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium however lacks a plastid entirely. |
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| This dinoflagellate produces brevetoxins that can have toxic effects on the central nervous system of animals. |
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| This zygote may later form a resting stage or hypnozygote, which is called a dinoflagellate cyst or dinocyst. |
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| In most parasitic dinoflagellates, the infective stage resembles a typical motile dinoflagellate cell. |
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| Red tide is an algae bloom, a localized explosion in the population of a single-celled microscopic dinoflagellate. |
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| Some dinoflagellates produce resting stages, called dinoflagellate cysts or dinocysts, as part of their lifecycles. |
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| The latest estimates suggest a total of 2,294 living dinoflagellate species, which includes marine, freshwater and parasitic dinoflagellates. |
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| About half of living dinoflagellate species are autotrophs possessing chloroplasts and half are nonphotosynthesising heterotrophs. |
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| Unlike a free alga, the symbiotic dinoflagellate is not directly in contact with seawater, since it is intra-cellular, inside the endodermic cells of the animal, inside a vesicle. |
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| Perhaps most significantly, the nannofossil diversity plot resembles the dinoflagellate diversity plot for the Cenozoic, peaking in the Early Eocene, then declining steadily to the present day. |
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| Parasitisation of juvenile edible crabs by the dinoflagellate, Hematodinium sp. |
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| On the west coast of North America, clams and mussels become poisonous by ingesting the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax catenella and accumulating saxitoxin in the digestive tract. |
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| This dinoflagellate, called a zooxanthella, when photosynthesizing, provides the energetic molecules for its host, which then has less need to feed itself. |
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| This takes place by fusion of two individuals to form a zygote, which may remain mobile in typical dinoflagellate fashion and is then called a planozygote. |
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| Ciguatera toxin is produced by benthic dinoflagellate plankton in the genus Gambierdiscus, which live on dead coral surfaces and bottom-dwelling algae. |
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| Of these, the best known are dinoflagellate genera such as Noctiluca and Dinophysis, that obtain organic carbon by ingesting other organisms or detrital material. |
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| The dinoflagellate Erythropsidium has the smallest known eye. |
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| The bioluminescence attracts attention to the dinoflagellate and its attacker, making the predator more vulnerable to predation from higher trophic levels. |
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| Dinoflagellate bioluminescence differs biochemically from that of other major luminescent groups. |
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| Dinoflagellate bioluminescence is controlled by a circadian clock and only occurs at night. |
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| Dinoflagellate theca can sink rapidly to the seafloor in marine snow. |
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| Dinoflagellate nuclei remain condensed throughout interphase rather than just during mitosis, which is closed and involves a uniquely extranuclear mitotic spindle. |
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