This first Georgia slave code, which was not as detailed as the codes of the older slave colonies, was quickly determined to be too lenient. |
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The government at home, and the people of the colonies, are getting to have bad blood between them. |
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Due to a common history and culture, former colonial powers created institutions which more loosely associated their former colonies. |
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The diverse groups from these various regions built colonies of distinctive social, religious, political, and economic style. |
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Some of the colonies developed legalized systems of slavery, centered largely around the Atlantic slave trade. |
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England, France, and the Netherlands had also started colonies in both the West Indies and North America. |
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Initially, matters concerning the colonies were dealt with primarily by the Privy Council and its committees. |
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Other countries did attempt to found colonies in America over the following century, and most of these attempts ended in failure. |
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As early as 1687, the Spanish government had begun to offer asylum to slaves from British colonies. |
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Rather, the motivation behind the founding of colonies was piecemeal and variable. |
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During the 17th century, the New Haven and Saybrook colonies were absorbed by Connecticut. |
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New Jersey began as a division of New York, and was divided into the proprietary colonies of East and West Jersey for a time. |
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The French and Spanish established colonies in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. |
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The colonies gradually passed laws that hardened early conditions of indenture into lifelong racial slavery attached to African descent. |
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By 1729, the proprietary government had collapsed, and the Proprietors sold both colonies back to the British crown. |
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Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain in 1763, which established the colonies of East and West Florida. |
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The Puritan colonies of New England formed a confederation to coordinate military and judicial matters. |
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Britain also gained Spanish Florida, from which it formed the colonies of East and West Florida. |
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In removing a major foreign threat to the thirteen colonies, the war also largely removed the colonists' need of colonial protection. |
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The colonies were very different from one another but they were still a part of the British Empire in more than just name. |
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Another point on which the colonies found themselves more similar than different was the booming import of British goods. |
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Beginning late in the 17th century, the administration of all British colonies was overseen by the Board of Trade in London. |
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New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and eventually Massachusetts were crown colonies. |
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They were governed much as royal colonies except that lord proprietors, rather than the king, appointed the governor. |
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Massachusetts, Providence Plantation, Rhode Island, Warwick, and Connecticut were charter colonies. |
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The Crown never appointed a bishop in the American colonies because of resistance from other churches. |
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Instead, the newspaper was the principal form of reading material in the colonies. |
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Theater was more developed in the Southern colonies, especially South Carolina, but nowhere did stage works attain the level of Europe. |
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The Southern colonies in particular relied on cash crops such as tobacco and cotton. |
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The Southern colonies were mainly dominated by the wealthy planters in Maryland, Virginia, and South Carolina. |
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In 1707, the Treaty of Union between Scotland and England gave Scottish merchants access to the English colonies, especially in North America. |
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After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. |
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Meanwhile, representatives from twelve colonies convened the First Continental Congress to respond to the crisis. |
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These increasing tensions led to a mutual scramble for ordnance and pushed the colonies toward open war. |
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After a speech by the King, Parliament rejected to oppose coercive measures on the colonies by 170 votes. |
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In the colonies, the success of Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense had boosted public support for independence. |
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Efforts could then be concentrated on the southern colonies, where it was believed Loyalist support was in abundance. |
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Spain was wary of provoking war with Britain before she was ready, so she covertly supplied the Patriots via her colonies in New Spain. |
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Moreover, American troops were being supplied with ordnance by Dutch merchants via their West Indies colonies. |
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The colonies had never been formally united prior to the conflict and there was no centralized area of ultimate strategic importance. |
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Following the end of the war, Britain had lost some of her most populous colonies. |
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In the Netherlands, textiles were often inspired by batik patterns from the Dutch colonies in the East Indies. |
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They normally nest in large colonies, on cliffs overlooking the ocean or on small rocky islands. |
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For this reason there is a close relationship between the location of northern gannet breeding colonies and the distribution of these fish. |
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Northern gannet colonies can be found in the far north in regions that are very cold and stormy. |
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Some breeding colonies have been recorded as being located in the same place for hundreds of years. |
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The cliffs containing the colonies appear to be covered in snow when seen from a distance, due to the number of nests present on them. |
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Immature northern gannets from colonies in Canada fly to the Gulf of Mexico while the adults do not fly that far. |
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Recently they are reported to have attacked and eaten great cormorants and in some cases destroyed whole colonies. |
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The Romans built a large number of towns throughout their empire, often as colonies for the settlement of citizens or veterans. |
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The Scots went in search of a better life and settled in the thirteen colonies, mainly around South Carolina and Virginia. |
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Scotland's leading thinkers of the revolutionary age, David Hume and Adam Smith, opposed the use of force against the rebellious colonies. |
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Growth was rapid after 1700, as Scottish ports, especially those on the Clyde, began to import tobacco from the American colonies. |
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Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. |
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During the empire, colonies were showcases of Roman culture and examples of the Roman way of life. |
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Latin became prominent in certain areas around new veteran colonies like Berytus. |
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Freedmen slaves, those of the Cives Romani convicted of crimes, or citizens settling Latin colonies could be given this status under the law. |
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Slaveowners in the West Indies and the American colonies found that slaves were more productive if they were clothed. |
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Unlike residents of many of the colonies, Quakers chose to trade peacefully with the Indians, including for land. |
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Prior to the Cambrian explosion, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. |
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This shearwater is mainly silent at sea, even when birds are gathered off the breeding colonies. |
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Since it visits its breeding colonies at night, a shearwater has adaptations for nocturnal vision too. |
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The most important colonies, with a total of more than 300,000 pairs, are on islands off Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. |
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They are able to detect the Earth's magnetic field and hence navigate back to their colonies. |
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It is silent at sea, but at night the breeding colonies are alive with raucous cackling calls. |
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Males return to the colonies in which they were hatched, but up to half of females may move elsewhere. |
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They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. |
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Although the puffins are vocal at their breeding colonies, they are silent at sea. |
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They form large, dense, noisy colonies during the summer reproductive period, often sharing habitat with murres. |
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In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the grey seal breeds in several colonies on and around the coasts. |
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In the German Bight, colonies exist off the islands Sylt and Amrum and on Heligoland. |
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Also, there is a report by Farley Mowat of historic breeding colonies as far south as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. |
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Besides these very large colonies, many much smaller ones exist, some of which are well known as tourist attractions despite their small size. |
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Also grey seals are seen increasingly in New York and New Jersey waters, and it's expected that they will establish colonies further south. |
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As a way to amend this problem, the British began exporting large amounts of opium grown in the Indian colonies. |
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When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe. |
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The New England colonies were extremely similar in their dietary habits to those that many of them had brought from England. |
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In addition, colonists' close proximity to the ocean gave them a bounty of fresh fish to add to their diet, especially in the northern colonies. |
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Pork fat was used more often in the southern colonies than the northern colonies as the Spanish introduced pigs earlier to the South. |
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The uplands and the lowlands made up the two main parts of the southern colonies. |
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Wheat was not an option for most of those who lived in the southern colonies. |
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Ballad opera, a popular theatre style at the time, was the first style of musical to be performed in the American colonies. |
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Polyp colonies form by strobilation, in which multiple polyps share a common stomach cavity. |
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Major Indian Ocean nesting colonies include India, Pakistan, and other coastal countries. |
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Most species nest in colonies, which can vary in size from a few dozen birds to millions. |
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In most seabird colonies, several different species will nest on the same colony, often exhibiting some niche separation. |
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Colonies also attract the attention of predators, principally other birds, and many species attend their colonies nocturnally to avoid predation. |
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Indirectly, fisheries have also benefited from guano from colonies of seabirds acting as fertilizer for the surrounding seas. |
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Other human factors have led to declines and even extinctions in seabird populations, colonies and species. |
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The area is home to huge colonies of gannets, puffins, skuas and other seabirds. |
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Many seabirds are little studied and poorly known, due to living far out to sea and breeding in isolated colonies. |
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The right whale's callosities appear white due to large colonies of cyamids or whale lice. |
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Since the end of World War II, many former colonies in the Pacific have become independent states. |
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Greek Syracuse controlled much of Sicily, though there were a few Carthaginian colonies in the far west of the island. |
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The existing coastal cities were enlarged and embellished, and Roman colonies such as Turris Lybissonis and Feronia were founded. |
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France in February 1794 abolished slavery in its American colonies, but would reintroduce it later. |
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Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily. |
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Such contact has led to a new dialect of German concentrated in the German colonies in the southern province of Rio Grande do Sul. |
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A number of cities were founded along the coast by Phoenicians, and trading outposts and colonies were established by Greeks in the East. |
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Military assistance for the rebellious British colonies in the American War of Independence improved the kingdom's international standing. |
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By the end of 1826, the only American colonies Spain held were Cuba and Puerto Rico. |
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Spain has a number of descendants of populations from former colonies, especially Latin America and North Africa. |
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The Carthaginians, Rome's adversary in the Punic Wars, were expelled from their coastal colonies. |
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This represented one of the largest movements of European populations to their colonies in the Americas during colonial times. |
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Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. |
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Unst is important for its seabird colonies, including those at Hermaness National Nature Reserve. |
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International recognition of Fowlsheugh has been established primarily due to the large and productive seabird colonies present. |
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The birds nest in large colonies Recently, they have started nesting on rooftops and buildings. |
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Within colonies, gull pairs are territorial, defending an area of varying size around the nesting site from others of their species. |
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The terns are birds of open habitats that typically breed in noisy colonies and lay their eggs on bare ground with little or no nest material. |
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Large tern species tend to form larger colonies, which in the case of the sooty tern can contain up to two million pairs. |
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Peruvian and Damara terns have small dispersed colonies and rely on the cryptic plumage of the eggs and young for protection. |
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Overfishing of small fish such as sand eels can lead to steep declines in the colonies relying on these prey items. |
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More generally, the loss or disruption to tern colonies caused by human activities has caused declines in many species. |
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Wealthy collectors made use of their contacts in the colonies to obtain specimens from around the world. |
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Lawrence region, sometimes in colonies of up to 7,000 to 8,000 individuals. |
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Before breeding, flamingo colonies split into breeding groups of about 15 to 50 birds. |
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However, several colonies are increasing in size and the colony at the Small Prespa Lake in Greece has nearly 1000 breeding pairs. |
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This has led to suggestions that pelican numbers should be controlled at vulnerable colonies. |
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Avian malaria is carried by the mosquito Culex pipens, and high densities of these biting insects may force pelican colonies to be abandoned. |
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Unlike other European nations, the Dutch chose not to follow a policy of language expansion amongst the indigenous peoples of their colonies. |
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They were predominantly fought in the second half of the 17th century, mainly over trade and overseas colonies. |
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All of Germany's African colonies were invaded and occupied by Allied forces during the war. |
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Cameroon, German East Africa, and German Southwest Africa were German colonies in Africa. |
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These companies acquired overseas possessions that later became Dutch colonies. |
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In recent times, religious demographics in Amsterdam have been changed by immigration from former colonies. |
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The Greek and Etruscan civilizations and colonies began to influence the Gauls especially in the Mediterranean area. |
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The first naval action in defense of the new colonies was just ten years after Vasco da Gama's epochal landing in India. |
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Pitt was committed to despatching expeditions to French colonies around the world, a policy that had proved successful. |
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The Gorge's many caves are home to colonies of Greater and Lesser horseshoe bats. |
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During the 16th century, Bristol merchants concentrated on developing trade with Spain and its American colonies. |
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Growth of the city and trade came with the rise of England's American colonies in the 17th century. |
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In the Eurasian desert regions, foxes may use the burrows of wolves, porcupines and other large mammals, as well as those dug by gerbil colonies. |
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Brown rats usually live in small colonies with up to six females sharing a burrow and one male defending a territory around the burrow. |
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Outside the breeding season, prairie voles live in close proximity with others in small colonies. |
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The naked mole rat lives completely underground and can form colonies of up to 80 individuals. |
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The social structure of bats varies, with some leading solitary lives and others living in colonies of more than a million bats. |
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In many species, females give birth and raise their young in maternity colonies and individuals may assist others in their birthing process. |
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In areas with medium to high badger populations, dispersal from the natal group is uncommon, though badgers may temporarily visit other colonies. |
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This species breeds in colonies known as heronries, usually in high trees close to lakes, the seashore or other wetlands. |
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In continental Europe, and elsewhere, nesting colonies sometimes include nests of the purple heron and other heron species. |
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Mycelia grown on solid agar media in laboratory petri dishes are usually referred to as colonies. |
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True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. |
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European colonization also brought sizable groups of Asians, particularly from the Indian subcontinent, to British colonies. |
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This was the base from which the Spanish monarchy administered its new colonies and their expansion. |
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During this time, the European powers and later their colonies, began a political, economic, and cultural colonization of the rest of the world. |
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The expanding French and British colonies were contending for control of the western, or interior, territories. |
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The French gained major ground in West Africa, and the Portuguese held colonies in southern Africa. |
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When the Constitution of Australia came into force, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. |
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The former colonies of the European powers began their road to independence. |
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The Spanish crown found it difficult to enforce these laws in distant colonies. |
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Other birds include the southern giant petrel, with sizeable colonies on Bird Island. |
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The birds have colonies on Dassen Island, on the South African west coast, and Bird Island, on the south coast. |
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Continental North American settlements were small and did not develop into permanent colonies. |
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After the disappearance of the Norse colonies in Greenland, the Inuit had no contact with Europeans for at least a century. |
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England and France attempted to plant colonies in the Americas in the 16th century, but these failed. |
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England and France succeeded in establishing permanent colonies in the following century, along with the Dutch Republic. |
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Colonists often faced the threat of attacks from neighboring colonies, as well as from indigenous tribes and pirates. |
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English and Dutch colonies, on the other hand, tended to be more religiously diverse. |
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Waves of repression led to the migration of about 20,000 Puritans to New England between 1629 and 1642, where they founded multiple colonies. |
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Geographic differences between the colonies played a large determinant in the types of political and economic systems that later developed. |
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The blunderbuss never gained great favor in the American colonies or early United States. |
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When the Shyr mutant was grown on this cloudly medium, there was a clear zone surrounding the colonies. |
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Nesting data from dispersers and nondispersers came from the same set of colonies and were thus directly comparable. |
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Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valour. |
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Especially since the 1950s, religions from the former British colonies have grown in numbers, due to immigration. |
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British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. |
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After the war, the United Kingdom received the League of Nations mandate over a number of former German and Ottoman colonies. |
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Over the next three decades, most colonies of the British Empire gained their independence. |
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The coasts and surrounding islands are home to colonies of gannets, Manx shearwater, puffins, kittiwakes, shags and razorbills. |
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In their superior longships, they raided, traded, and established colonies and outposts on the sea's coasts. |
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Important overseas colonies, a vast merchant marine, powerful navy and large profits made the Dutch the main challengers to an ambitious England. |
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In some Dutch colonies there are major ethnic groups of Dutch ancestry descending from emigrated Dutch settlers. |
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In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. |
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Prior to the establishment of the 1663 Sovereign Council, the territories of New France were developed as mercantile colonies. |
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In the meanwhile, the newly resumed war with Britain by the French, resulted in the British capture of practically all remaining French colonies. |
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The Emperor gradually conceived the idea that Algeria should be governed differently from other colonies. |
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By 1943, all of the colonies, except for Indochina under Japanese control, had joined the Free French cause. |
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The colonies were given local assemblies with only limited local power and budgets. |
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At about the same time, in the colonies which remained linked to the crown, the Church of England began to appoint colonial bishops. |
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By the late 18th century, the British Empire had facilitated the spread of English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance. |
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Common law systems originated during the Middle Ages in England, and from there propagated to the colonies of the British Empire. |
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This split propagated to many of the colonies, including the United States. |
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The system was developed by the courts and spread with the expansion of British colonies in Southern Africa. |
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It provides a home for the red squirrel and colonies of sundew and butterwort, two of the few carnivorous plants native to Britain. |
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The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country. |
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By the Quebec Act of 1774, the Province of Quebec was enlarged to include the western holdings of the American colonies. |
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It was planned by the government in London and designed as a replacement for the lost American colonies. |
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On other fronts, the British, French, Australians, and Japanese occupied Germany's colonies. |
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By 304 BC, the Romans had effectively annexed the greater degree of the Samnite territory, founding several colonies. |
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Rome quickly moved into southern Italia, subjugating and dividing the Greek colonies. |
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Roman law laid the foundations for the laws of many European countries and their colonies. |
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He had helped increase this number through the foundation of Roman colonies that were granted blanket citizenship. |
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These colonies were often made out of existing communities, especially those with elites who could rally the populace to the Roman cause. |
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Several colonies were placed in new provinces or on the border of the Empire to secure Roman holdings as quickly as possible. |
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The ancient Romans employed regular orthogonal structures on which they molded their colonies. |
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And the Maritime colonies were similarly ill-disposed toward a legislative union. |
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When English colonists left for the New World, they brought royal charters that established the colonies. |
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Queens of socially parasitic inquiline ants reproduce by laying eggs in the colonies of other species. |
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Naval operations also enabled the conquest of the French colonies in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. |
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Britain blockaded the American colonies economically so the American public debt increased dramatically. |
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In 1931, following the fall of the monarchy, the African colonies became part of the Second Spanish Republic. |
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A condition of Raleigh's pardon was avoidance of any hostility against Spanish colonies or shipping. |
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The British Parliament's efforts to levy new taxes following the French and Indian War were deeply unpopular in the colonies. |
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Virginians began to coordinate their actions with other colonies in 1773, and sent delegates to the Continental Congress the following year. |
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His surrender on October 19, 1781 led to peace negotiations in Paris and secured the independence of the colonies. |
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Britain, which was at war with France, soon moved to occupy Dutch colonies in Asia, South Africa and the Caribbean. |
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All the colonies Britain had seized were returned to the Netherlands, with the exception of the Cape Colony and Guyana and Sri Lanka. |
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The Dutch West India company was abolished in 1791, and its colonies in Suriname and the Caribbean brought under the direct rule of the state. |
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When the colonies died out around the 15th century, the dialect went with it. |
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England was stimulated to create its own colonies, with an emphasis on the West Indies rather than in North America. |
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Many of the Scottish prisoners of war taken in the campaigns died of disease, and others were sent as indentured labourers to the colonies. |
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This involved secret preparations for an attack on the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. |
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Food abundance does not appear to be a limiting factor as many ectoproct colonies are devoid of janolids. |
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Once the ship reached the New World, enslaved survivors were sold in the Caribbean or the American colonies. |
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This defeat in Africa led to all Italian colonies in Africa being captured. |
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In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in Southeast Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. |
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After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. |
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The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed. |
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In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. |
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Responsible government was first granted to Nova Scotia in 1848, and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies. |
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Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. |
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The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates. |
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The demographics of Britain itself was changed after the Second World War owing to immigration to Britain from its former colonies. |
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Although the French Revolution had a dramatic impact in numerous areas of Europe, the French colonies felt a particular influence. |
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Instead he proposed that the prime minister, Lord North, make peace with the rebellious American colonies. |
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Losing the war and the thirteen colonies was a shock to the British system. |
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However, many of Britain's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. |
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Later that year, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 placed a limit upon the westward expansion of the American colonies. |
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In 1765, Grenville introduced the Stamp Act, which levied a stamp duty on every document in the British colonies in North America. |
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Britain had a sense of loss of control, as well as loss of markets, and was worried by Napoleon's possible threat to its overseas colonies. |
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The rest were necessary for garrisoning Ireland and the colonies, and providing security for Britain. |
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During the time of the Fifth Coalition, the Royal Navy won a succession of victories in the French colonies. |
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The Napoleonic wars also played a key role in the independence of the Latin American colonies from Spain and Portugal. |
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The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. |
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The Law of 20 May officially restored the slave trade to the Caribbean colonies, not slavery itself. |
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In 1867 there was a union of three colonies with British North America which together formed the Canadian Confederation, a federal dominion. |
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In Western Africa, the colonies of Gold Coast and Nigeria were involved in military actions against German forces from Togoland and Kamerun. |
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In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. |
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The Great Depression, despite the concentration of its impact on the industrialized world, was also exceptionally damaging in the rural colonies. |
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Following its surrender to the Allies in 1945, Japan was deprived of all its colonies. |
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After Italy's defeat in World War II, France and the UK occupied the former Italian colonies. |
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However power over the colonies remained concentrated in France, and the power of local assemblies outside France was extremely limited. |
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Salman Rushdie is another post Second World War writers from the former British colonies who permanently settled in Britain. |
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Between 1717 and 1775 some 250,000 people from Ulster emigrated to the British North American colonies. |
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Previous slaves in Louisiana had been transported from French colonies in the West Indies. |
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After the Second World War, the vast majority of British colonies and territories became independent, effectively bringing the empire to an end. |
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Queen Anne's government had invited them, with the plan to settle Germans in the North American colonies. |
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Most are from former British colonies, such as Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Mauritius. |
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By the late 18th century, the British Empire had facilitated the spread of Modern English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance. |
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In the late 17th century many Huguenots fled to England, the Netherlands, Prussia, Switzerland, and the English and Dutch overseas colonies. |
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In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. |
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British and American missionaries reached out to India and some other imperial colonies. |
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It was on the voyage to the colonies that the Wesleys first came into contact with Moravian settlers. |
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The Church of England had been disestablished in the United States, where it had been the state church in most of the southern colonies. |
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Wesley influenced George Whitefield to journey to the colonies, spurring the transatlantic debate on slavery. |
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During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded most of the former western colonies. |
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Some true castles were built in the Americas by the Spanish and French colonies. |
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In the colonies new churches were certainly required, and generally repeated similar formulae. |
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Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. |
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Large pavilions were built for and by the colonies, that for Canada for instance replicating the Parliament in Ottawa. |
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Settlers exported Guy Fawkes Night to overseas colonies, including some in North America, where it was known as Pope Day. |
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Mumming spread from the British Isles to a number of former British colonies. |
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The English Pilgrims of the North American colonies brought the recipes across the ocean with them. |
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Apple pie was brought to the colonies by the British, Dutch, and Swedes during the 17th and 18th centuries. |
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Burke criticized British treatment of the American colonies, including through its taxation policies. |
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Sir Salman Rushdie is among a number of post Second World War writers from former British colonies who permanently settled in Britain. |
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In the American colonies, the Library Company of Philadelphia was started in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia. |
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As a result, colonies and dependencies are permitted to compete at Olympic Games. |
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We have already mentioned that some colonies eventually became metropoleis. |
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The Italian city states of Genoa and Venice flourished, creating profitable trading colonies in the eastern Mediterranean. |
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He also proposed the creation of a Mandate system for captured colonies of the Central Powers during the war. |
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The B mandates were applied to the former German colonies that the League took responsibility for after the First World War. |
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On steep mountainsides breed large colonies of auks, puffins, skuas, and kittiwakes. |
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Historically, most colonies were considered to be dependencies of their controlling state. |
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Crown dependencies are possessions of the British Crown, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United Kingdom. |
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The islands acquired commercial and political interests in the North American colonies. |
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Some colonies became Commonwealth realms, retaining the British monarch as their own head of state. |
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From 1949, British subjects in the United Kingdom and the remaining colonies became citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies. |
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Independence Acts, passed when the remaining colonies were granted independence, contained nationality provisions. |
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Exceptions were sometimes made in cases where the colonies did not become independent. |
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An upsurge in nationalism in Latin America in 1810s and 1820s sparked revolutions that cost Spain nearly all its colonies there. |
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The colonies set up temporary governments or juntas which were effectively independent from Spain. |
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Colonial officials promoted and subsidized gymnastics, table games, and dance and helped football spread to French colonies. |
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During the original treaty negotiations, the United States insisted that colonies like the Belgian Congo be excluded from the treaty. |
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Shipping to the colonies boomed simultaneously with the flood of skilled mariners after the war. |
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Spanish pieces of eight minted in Mexico or Seville were the standard trade currency in the American colonies. |
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These contracts allowed an income option to the inhabitants of these colonies that were not related to the Spanish conquistadores. |
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By the middle of the 18th century, Bermuda was sending twice as many privateers to sea as any of the continental colonies. |
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Bermudian trade with the rebellious American colonies actually carried on throughout the war. |
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Around 10,000 Bermudians emigrated in the years prior to American independence, mostly to the American colonies. |
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In 1777 the British sent a new army under John Burgoyne to move south from Canada and to isolate the New England colonies. |
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Giving up on the North, the British decided to salvage their former colonies in the South. |
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By far the most financially profitable West Indian colonies in 1800 belonged to the United Kingdom. |
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Spain acquired Britain's Florida colonies and the island of Minorca, but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. |
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Parliament passed the Stamp Act in March 1765, which imposed direct taxes on the colonies for the first time. |
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Meanwhile, in September 1774 representatives of the other colonies convened the First Continental Congress in order to respond to the crisis. |
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This would safeguard the taxing rights of the colonies from future infringement while enabling them to contribute to maintenance of the empire. |
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The goal was to seize the Lake Champlain and Hudson River corridor, effectively isolating New England from the rest of the American colonies. |
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Moreover, they agreed that no troops would be placed in the colonies without their consent. |
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