Metals like silver, nickel and gold are a perfect medium for coinage because of their durability and the value accorded by their relative rarity. |
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It can be effected by opening the U.S. Mint to the free and unlimited coinage of gold, as mandated by the U.S. Constitution. |
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This is not only an imaginative coinage, it is also more accurate than the English word, since computers are rarely asked to compute. |
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Trade Viticulture was also important to the economy of many cities, as is shown by the number of states whose coinage bears wine-related designs. |
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The weight of the copper coinage is incredible so no fear of sneak thieves running off with it! |
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In the Far East, coinage developed in India in the 5th century BC through contacts with Persian coinage by Mauryans and Kushans. |
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The state has understood this lesson since the kings of old began repeatedly to debase the coinage. |
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Having got a rough idea of how the coinage worked, we need to work out how much that was worth in modern terms. |
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The view that coinage was invented by the Lydians is one that is generally accepted by scholars. |
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Be that as it may, after the barbarian invasion there was no authority to re-introduce gold coinage that would circulate. |
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As a United States Mint medallic sculptor, he will create and submit coinage and medal designs, and work models, hubs and dies. |
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By counterfeit coinage was meant not so much the striking of imitations from base metal as coins struck in mints not controlled by the king. |
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These portrait coins were minted from 814 to 818, and it was probably during this period that Louis also struck a splendid gold coinage. |
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He also attempted to fine tune the money supply with mintage of new gold coinage and adulterated silver coins. |
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Offa's coinage was produced largely at Canterbury, by named moneyers, was more plentiful than before, and of higher artistic merit. |
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Though the term is a fairly recent coinage, what it indicates is something familiar to all. |
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Its platform called for the free coinage of silver and plenty of paper money. |
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Examples of the restored coinage and the new small change that was also introduced will be displayed in the exhibition. |
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He established a gold coinage of 72 solidi to the pound, but the other coinage continued to depreciate. |
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One researcher thinks that didgeridoo may be an Irish coinage, a nonce word like boogaloo or dingaling. |
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If Volkslied was capaciously inclusive in Herder's coinage, so too are worldbeat, global pop, and, yes, world music for the recording industry. |
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All four rulers began striking coinage in their own names as soon as they were able. |
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To complete his investigation, Schregle has also examined coinage, and the sultana's tombstone for cultural information on her life. |
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It was a gamble that paid off in the most golden of coinage when Fletcher netted the play-off clincher four minutes later. |
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British cyclists likened the disparity in size of the two wheels to their coinage, nicknaming it the penny-farthing. |
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Market places have existed since that time, and coinage has been in circulation among urban people for 2500 years. |
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I have four shillings of imperial coinage in a little commemorative velvet drawstring bag with a printed label. |
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Over-governed is a recent coinage, normally referring in Britain to regional assemblies or Europe. |
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He also is the artist for George Washington's Inaugural Centennial Medal, and was asked by Theodore Roosevelt to redesign the U.S. gold coinage. |
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In short, the government should mint coinage for circulation only, and leave commemorative minting to private enterprise. |
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It should be noted that the coinage was often debased and strategically revalued. |
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Though Norman dukes controlled the coinage in their domain, no new coins had been minted since the time of William's grandfather. |
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The website, where you can register newly coined words, accepted the coinage by a journalist based at Muvattupuzha. |
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Its empire instead consisted in commerce, particularly through the control that Venetian coinage exerted over international trade. |
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Robot is a word that is both a coinage by an individual person and a borrowing. |
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Silver was a popular metal for jewellery such as brooches, rings, strap ends, buckles, mounts for drinking horns and, of course, for coinage. |
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Fidei Defensor, literally Defender of the Faith, is an inscription which is found on most British coinage. |
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The point is that Fekete's plan calls for opening up the U.S. Mint for coinage of both gold and silver coins as the Founders intended. |
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Acquiring gold and silver was vital for coinage and, in the late Empire, for official payments in plate and ingots. |
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The fall in silver imports lead to the government minting copper coinage called vellon. 1599 to 1620 saw two decades of vellon production. |
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How much control, and what sort of control, was exercised by dynasts over the coinage of polities under their sway? |
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In 1867 Paris convened an international monetary conference that voted unanimously in favor of a universal coinage building on the LMU-franc system. |
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These coins were legal tender in the USA until 1857, as the young USA had few coins and many merchants preferred the Spanish Reals to USA coinage. |
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Those needing pretexts could preach national necessity when they tore down bells or walked off with plate that could be recast into guns or coinage. |
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In the 1890s the Populist movement demanded stronger government intervention into the economy, including the free and unlimited coinage of silver at a ratio of sixteen to one. |
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It is no wonder that the Carolingian clerics, who were the spin doctors of their day, drew attention to the parallels, which are also manifest in Louis's coinage. |
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He took a moderate bimetallist position, endorsing the use of silver as well as gold, but opposing the inflationist policy of the unlimited coinage of silver. |
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The basic coinage instituted by Augustus comprised the copper quadrans, brass semis, copper as, brass dupondius and sestertius, silver denarius, and gold aureus. |
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Athelstan, the forceful grandson of Alfred, was the first to impose a unified coinage, which depicted him as the first English king to wear a crown. |
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We have excellent representations of him, a bust by Torrigiano, a portrait by Sittow, a remarkable death mask, coinage likenesses, and a realistic tomb effigy. |
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So went the decade, with the international bimetallists and gold men unable to halt limited silver coinage and the free coinage men unable to remove the limitations. |
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This kind of coinage and derivation is a typical process in the creative evolution of language, and is exactly the sort of thing that snoots like to deprecate. |
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Britain abandoned silver coinage in 1947, after more than two millennia. |
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The gold standard divided the party, as 24 Western delegates staged a walk out when the GOP refused to accept the unlimited coinage of gold and silver. |
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Nevertheless, by the eighth century, royal control of coinage is clear. |
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This provided a defensive stronghold for the Prince Bishops of Durham, who for centuries ruled the area with their own armies, courts and coinage. |
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Before 1971, the primary coinage had 20 pence equal to one shilling. |
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The monetary system of western Europe had evolved towards monometallism, at first based on an increasingly debased gold coinage and in due course on silver. |
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The billon coinage was discontinued after 1603, but twopence pieces in copper called hardheads, bodles, or turners continued to be issued until the Act of Union. |
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Apart from providing the UK's coinage, Royal Mint also produces some of the world's finest coins and provides coinage for more than 100 countries. |
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By the fourth century they were one of only four nations in the world, along with Rome, Persia, and the Kushan Kingdom in northern India, to issue gold coinage. |
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Best known as the maker of the state's first coinage, issuing shillings, sixpence, and threepence silver coins in 1783, Chalmers's marked domestic silver is exceedingly rare. |
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Coinage in both England and Francia was used as a means of affirming royal authority, though the volume of production of early medieval coinage is still in question. |
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Counterfeiting or clipping the coinage was regarded as a heinous crime. |
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The Empire set up a large number of independent local mints that were authorized subject to some degree of imperial oversight to mint coinage more or less without restriction. |
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But I feel that were I to accept the award, it would ultimately debase the coinage of the medal. |
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In c.973 Eadgar designed a new coinage of pennies, which was regularly renewed and remained the basis of the English currency until long after the Conquest. |
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This has led to the coinage of a word like bumfreezer, for a short jacket, what we know as the Eisenhower jacket. |
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The head will serve for my new coinage, and be an omen to all dutiful subjects of my future success. |
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Daniels's coinage 'abjad' won't glister in the annals of euonymy, but I must use it here for clarity's sake. |
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The tribes of southeastern Britain were actively engaged in commerce with continental Europe, urbanising their societies, and minting coinage. |
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As the Roman civilisation grew in importance and expanded its trade with the Celtic world, silver and bronze coinage became more common. |
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He allowed the Senate to issue its own bronze coinage for the first time since Augustus. |
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By 407 there were no new Roman coins going into circulation, and by 430 it is likely that coinage as a medium of exchange had been abandoned. |
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The oration's religious shift is paralleled by a similar shift in Constantine's coinage. |
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In his early reign, the coinage of Constantine advertised Mars as his patron. |
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The Grately code included a provision that there was to be only one coinage across the king's dominion. |
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During Danish rule, Norway kept its separate laws, coinage and army, as well as some institutions such as a royal chancellor. |
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Also, in England no other coinage was allowed, while on the continent other coinage was considered legal tender. |
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This mark was a central motif of the East India Company's coinage and forms the central emblem displayed on the Scinde Dawk postage stamps. |
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Throughout this period, the size and value of the gold coinage fluctuated considerably. |
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In 1663, a new gold coinage was introduced based on the 22 carat fine guinea. |
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Silversmiths had always regarded coinage as a source of raw material, already government verified for fineness. |
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The monetary system was still controlled by government institutions, mainly through the coinage prerogative. |
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The changes on coinage and military expenditures were the root of the financial crisis that marked the Crisis of the Third Century. |
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A coinage commemorating Edmund was minted from around the time East Anglia was absorbed by the kingdom of Wessex and a popular cult emerged. |
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Thirty years after Edmund's death, he was venerated by the Vikings of East Anglia, who produced a coinage to commemorate him. |
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The harp symbol is used extensively by the state to mark official documents, Irish coinage and on the seal of the President of Ireland. |
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It dates to the late 17th century when it is known to have appeared on the island's coinage. |
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These circulate freely in both Bailiwicks alongside UK coinage and English and Scottish banknotes. |
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These circulate freely alongside British coinage and English, Northern Irish and Scottish banknotes. |
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By the 980s the kings of Wessex had a powerful grip on the coinage of the realm. |
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Every five or six years the coinage in circulation would cease to be legal tender and new coins were issued. |
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Guernsey does not have a Central Bank and it issues its own sterling coinage and banknotes. |
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However, it could now also debase the coinage and so increase the money supply. |
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It was widely believed that Wood would need to flood Ireland with debased coinage in order to make a profit. |
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The Celtic harp, seen on Irish coinage and used in Guinness advertising, was played as long ago as the 10th century. |
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Since the 10 century, rulers of Kilwa would go on to build elaborate coral mosques and introduce copper coinage. |
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This tendency towards fiat money led eventually to the debasement of Roman coinage, with consequences in the later Empire. |
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The high amount of metal coinage in circulation increased the money supply for trading or saving. |
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David's acquisition of the mines at Alston on the South Tyne enabled him to begin minting the Kingdom of Scotland's first silver coinage. |
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The revenue of his English earldom and the proceeds of the silver mines at Alston allowed David to produce Scotland's first coinage. |
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In Finland squirrel pelts were used as currency in ancient times, before the introduction of coinage. |
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Following the Acts of Union in 1707, the bank supervised the reminting of the old Scottish coinage into Sterling. |
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As a precious metal, gold has been used for coinage, jewelry, and other arts throughout recorded history. |
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He issued coinage and a number of edicts reorganizing Gaul's system of provinces. |
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Hywel encouraged the use of coinage in Wales, having his monies minted in Chester, a benefit of his relations with England. |
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These letters in particular reveal Offa's relations with the continent, as does his coinage, which was based on Carolingian examples. |
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Beonna's first coinage predates Offa's own, and implies independence from Mercia. |
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At the start of the 8th century, sceattas were the primary circulating coinage. |
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Jaenberht's coins all belong to the light coinage, rather than the later medium coinage. |
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In France hammer stuck coins had been banned from the Paris Mint since 1639 and replaced with milled coinage. |
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Without Cromwell's backing of milled coinage, Peter Blondeau returned to France leaving England to continue minting hammer struck coins. |
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As Britain's empire continued to expand, so to was the need to supply its coinage. |
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Ceremonial Maundy money and bullion coinage of gold sovereigns, half sovereigns, and gold and silver Britannia coins are also produced. |
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In the years since decimalisation, a number of changes have been made to the coinage. |
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However, they produce local issues of coinage in the same denominations and specifications, but with different designs. |
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Maundy money is a ceremonial coinage traditionally given to the poor, and nowadays awarded annually to deserving senior citizens. |
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The Carolingians exercised controls over the silver coinage of the realm, controlling its composition and value. |
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James forced the Parliament of Scotland to use it, and it was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, and treaties in both realms. |
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The Royal Canadian Mint, established in 1976, is where all circulating coinage in Canada is produced. |
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Byzantine coinage was in use in Francia before Theudebert I began minting his own money at the start of his reign. |
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He perfected Constantine I's coinage system by definitively setting the weight of the copper follis, the coin used in most everyday transactions. |
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Efforts to revive the Byzantine economy only resulted in inflation and a debased gold coinage. |
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Buddhism, in particular, traveled alongside the maritime trade, promoting coinage, art and literacy. |
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The need for silver coinage also affected the desire for expanded exploration as silver and gold were spent for trade to the Middle and Far East. |
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Another issue of money was the overproduction of coinage and the abundance of mints in the kingdom. |
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Besides assisting in the governance of the city and first Portuguese coinage, he provided the junks for several diplomatic missions. |
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Norway kept its separate laws and some institutions, such as a royal chancellor, separate coinage and a separate army. |
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By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver. |
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This process has devalued celebrity's coinage and turned royalty into its brass razoo. |
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Fisher provided a new rationale for an old practice of debasing the coinage called seignorage. |
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This loss turned out not only to be one of demonetization of the local coinage but also of devaluation. |
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The Colchians adopted Greek coinage and some Greeks settled there. |
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He called in the old coinage to be reminted on new machines. |
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Standardized coinage were enforced throughout the unified empire. |
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But Florence's dual coinage system only aggravated the problem. |
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During the first year of her reign, Isabella established a monopoly over the royal mints and fixed a legal standard to which the coinage must approximate. |
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Much of the coinage produced in these mints was nearly worthless. |
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Ptolemy IX Lathyros, one of Ptolemy's final successors, replaced Alexander's sarcophagus with a glass one so he could convert the original to coinage. |
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Henry reformed the coinage in 1107, 1108 and in 1125, inflicting harsh corporal punishments to English coiners who had been found guilty of debasing the currency. |
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In 1672 the Royal Mint finally took over the production of copper coinage. |
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Many surviving coins from Offa's reign carry elegant depictions of him, and the artistic quality of these images exceeds that of the contemporary Frankish coinage. |
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Cheap foreign imports of copper had forced the Crown to steadily increase the size of the copper coinage to maintain its value relative to silver. |
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The Royal Arms have regularly appeared on the coinage produced by the Royal Mint including, for example, from 1663, the Guinea and, from 1983, the British one pound coin. |
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The government eventually resorted to hiring none other than Sir Isaac Newton to certify the soundness of Wood's coinage to counter Swift's accusations. |
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Bell's image, and also those of his many inventions have graced paper money, coinage, and postal stamps in numerous countries worldwide for many dozens of years. |
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The Privy Council therefore deals with a wide range of matters, including university and livery company statutes, churchyards, coinage and dates of bank holidays. |
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In 1984, the territory also began to issue its own coinage, similar to the coinage of the United Kingdom but with different designs on the reverse. |
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Both bailiwicks issue their own banknotes and coins, which circulate freely in all the islands alongside UK coinage and Bank of England and Scottish banknotes. |
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The collection spans the entire history of coinage from its origins in the 7th century BC to the present day and is representative of both the East and West. |
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Until the adoption of the Euro, Vatican coinage and stamps were denominated in their own Vatican lira currency, which was on par with the Italian lira. |
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Except for the major trading centres of Ribe, Hedeby and the like, the Viking world was unfamiliar with the use of coinage and was based on so called bullion economy. |
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Stevin declared that using decimals was so important that the universal introduction of decimal weights, measures and coinage was only a matter of time. |
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In April 2008, an extensive redesign of the coinage was unveiled. |
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In 1552, a new silver coinage was introduced, struck in sterling silver. |
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Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. |
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A wholesale reform of the coinage occurred in 1180, with royal officials taking direct control of the mints and passing the profits directly to the treasury. |
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English coinage was also superior to most of the other currency in use in northwestern Europe, and the ability to mint coins was a royal monopoly. |
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British coinage from this period shows a complicated pattern of intrusion. |
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That other tribes did not engage in commercial trade, or urbanise their societies, or mint coinage, is probably a combination of circumstance and choice. |
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British coinage remained acceptable in the Free State at an equal rate. |
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David I is the first Scottish king known to have produced his own coinage. |
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Roman coinage was coveted by the Germanic people who preferred silver to gold coins, mostly likely indications that a market economy was developing. |
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