Cannabis and coca are cultivated illicitly on a vast scale for the manufacture of illegal drugs. |
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Last year a record area was fumigated but there was a small increase in coca production. |
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The U.S. State Department says that only large coca plantations are fumigated. |
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Crack cocaine is a potent hard crystalline form of cocaine, the addictive drug derived from the coca plant and used as a stimulant. |
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The streets, once bustling with peddlers, coca farmers and shady profiteers are now quiet at night. |
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Over five years, more than a million acres of coca plants and 52,000 acres of opium poppy have been destroyed. |
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It is made abundantly clear to campesinos out in the countryside that to grow coca is against the law. |
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In others, village growers simply find it more remunerative to sell coca to drug dealers than to market pineapples at the local mercado. |
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But coca is a very resilient plant, and fresh green leaves are already sprouting from stalks fumigated a few months ago. |
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The coca farmers, who had yet to join the protests, indicated that they would march on La Paz and block the roads. |
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Scientists note that the narco traders will simply breed their coca plants to be resistant to the disease. |
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Bolivia was told that if coca production didn't cease entirely by 2000, aid packages would stop and the loans would be called in. |
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The idea is to try and drive back the guerrillas and move in to spray the coca and poppies. |
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While they concede that some of the coca they produce is bought by drug traffickers, they show little remorse. |
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More than 14,800 tons of toxic chemicals are dumped into the Amazon jungle every year as traffickers turn coca into raw cocaine paste. |
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In the opinion of the committee, coca chewing must be considered a form of cocainism. |
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This was the spark that ignited the discontent aroused by the eradication of coca fields, following Washington's guidelines. |
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Successful counternarcotics campaigns in Peru and Bolivia have pushed coca farming north, into Colombia. |
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Despite many actions carried out by the government, coca and poppy growing remains important: Colombia is the first largest cocaine producer. |
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Statistical data on the quantities of cannabis and coca leaf produced in a country or territory should all be entered in kilograms. |
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The Bush administration, which has chastised Morales for his base among Bolivia's coca farmers, has responded cautiously to his election. |
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Talking, making offerings of coca leaves or pouring libation are expressions of respect. |
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Cocaine comes from the coca plant, which grows in the Andes and is considered sacred. |
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Moreover, one observes that every long term move lower in agricultural prices leads to a return of coca farming. |
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They halted sales of the coca leaf to the burgeoning narco business. |
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The coca leaf, considered sacred in Quechua culture, has many healing properties, one of them being the reduction of nausea and headache from altitude sickness. |
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The crisis is leading some Colombian coffee farmers to turn to the cultivation of illegal, but highly profitable, crops such as coca and opium. |
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I became obsessed with the tiny white chunks of coca that changed hands all around me. |
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In addition to clandestine laboratories, large numbers of coca maceration pits were destroyed in Bolivia and Peru. |
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His crop, and that of his social base, is coca, which after the collapse of the tin market became a key export. |
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Sometimes it is because they want people to work in the coca plantations they control. |
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Their coca leaves contain only trace amounts of the illicit narcotic. |
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Álvaro Uribe, Colombia's president, has championed aerial spraying of coca fields with weedkiller. |
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Programmes to substitute coca with other crops, like palm hearts, black pepper, pineapples, citrus fruit and even coffee, have only had any success when coca prices are low. |
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It is derived from the leaves of the coca plant and usually comes in the form of a white powder. |
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This is a worrying loss of momentum for both countries, which had already made significant progress to curb coca production. |
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The Bush administration, however, is predictably hostile to anything having to do with coca. |
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The market, La Cancha, is one of the biggest in South America, sprawling widely, selling everything from bikes to fabric, vegetables and coca leaves. |
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We have launched a campaign on decriminalizing the traditional consumption of the coca leaf. |
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Traditional uses of coca are not addictive and are as much part of Andean culture as a cuppa is in Britain or beer in Texas. |
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Under Plan Colombia, the spraying of coca fields with weedkiller has been stepped up. |
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Just as wine vintages vary, so the weather can affect the number of harvests a coca plant yields and the alkaloid content of the leaves. |
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Cocaine is extracted from the coca leaf and then purified, using solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. |
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The cinchona, or quina tree, from which quinine is made, and the coca shrub, the source of cocaine, are also indigenous there. |
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Some indigenous deputies make a strong cultural presence on the floor wearing traditional Andean ear-flap hats and ponchos and chewing coca leaves. |
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At around this time the price of coca went into freefall, driving the whole of the Ivorian economy into a downward spiral. |
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They are there, threatening campesinos that they must plant coca or they will die. |
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Question: Is it true that a glass of coca cola after a glass of beer has the same effect as another glass of beer after a glass of beer? |
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Cocaine sulfate is also available as coca paste known as basuco, bazooka, piticin, pistol, pitillos, or tocos and is widely smoked in South America. |
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Coca cultivation remained well below the levels registered throughout the mid 1990s, when Peru was the world's largest cultivator of coca bush. |
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In our country, which is one of the eight richest nations in terms of biodiversity, the illegal cultivation of coca and poppies have destroyed more than a million hectares of jungle, rain forests and mountain areas. |
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Despite this strife, this power struggle led to then having multiple producers of coca leaf farms. |
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The Chasqui, messengers who ran throughout the empire to deliver messages, chewed coca leaves for extra energy. |
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Fleets of planes flew in their daily cargo of white gold, first extracted from coca leaves in Peru or Bolivia and then refined in Colombia. |
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Right-wing conservatives were in a tizzy over coca Cola's new ad. |
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Here, in the aftermath of the American Civil War, druggist John Pemberton dreamt up a medicinal drink flavoured with coca leaves and kola nuts. |
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In both countries, violence between coca growers and government forces has become a regular feature of political life. |
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Traces of coca and nicotine found in some Egyptian mummies have led to speculation that Ancient Egyptians may have traveled to the New World. |
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The region is known to have low yielding coca bush, and this, combined with the fact that cultivation declined in high yielding areas, seems to have prevented production in Colombia from growing apace with cultivation. |
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Peruvian officials talk up their coca eradication. |
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Experience has shown, however, that eradicating coca bush cultivation in one country may result in it emerging, reoccurring or increasing in other countries. |
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The sale of coca, and consequently drug trafficking, guerillas, paramilitary forces, the ties to power, corruption and so forth, this is a cycle that is difficult to break and one that victimizes the innocent. |
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In 2000, price rises and the accelerated destruction of coca plantations led to violent popular demonstrations, egged on by Quispe's CSUTCB, which led to several fatalities. |
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I believe that it is important to revalue the coca leaf, but I would like to say that, while during my government there will never be free cultivation of coca, there will never be zero coca either. |
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Taxes on the rapidly growing number of coca producers in rural Colombia explain much of the expansion in the guerrillas' war chest and, as a result, their increased military might. |
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He reached agreement with Colombia's president, Álvaro Uribe, to allow some aerial fumigation of coca crops near the border between the two countries. |
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In 2008, Bolivian authorities destroyed nearly 5,000 coca paste laboratories, including a number of cocaine hydrochloride laboratories and 7,500 maceration pits. |
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Between 200,000 and 400,000 children work in illegal mining and gemstone operations and in agriculture, while another 200,000 are reported to work in the drug trade, often as coca pickers. |
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The only visible safety measures, at least in the more primitive mines, are frequent offerings of cigarettes and coca leaves to the diablo of the mine, its crudely sculpted guardian demon. |
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Courtly intrigue The futility of coca eradication ReprintsMr Fachin's travails have little to do with jurisprudence and everything to do with a power struggle between an unruly Congress and an enfeebled president. |
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Particularly in the areas controlled by insurgent or paramilitary groups, a variety of mechanisms may be used to encourage coca cultivation, and those who grow the drug are not simply peasants cultivating a traditional crop. |
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It doesn't have coups, recklessly overfish, arm disagreeable despots, grow coca in provocative quantities or throw its weight around in a brash and unseemly manner. |
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The largest reductions in coca cultivation occurred when the Colombian government shifted its focus to manual, on-the-ground eradiation starting in 2007, sending out teams to yank the bushes from the ground. |
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There were elixirs of liquorice, coca leaf, hops, chloroform, etc. |
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Between 2000 and 2008 the total area under illicit coca bush cultivation doubled in the country, while the number of destroyed coca paste and cocaine laboratories increased eightfold over the same period. |
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The strong decline of the licit coca sector in the interwar period is reflected in coca leaf export data from Java and Peru, the two main coca leaf exporting areas. |
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The truth is that for a long time the government has failed to respect our protected areas, first by allocating little budget and second by doing nothing when they're invaded by coca. |
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Their contributions are largely earmarked for projects within their own borders: Colombia, for instance, now the biggest donor, pays the UNODC to run programmes to persuade farmers to grow crops other than coca. |
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And just as America once believed that the best way to stop its crack-cocaine epidemic was to eradicate coca in South America, so Russia has sent intelligence agents to disrupt the production of heroin in Afghanistan. |
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This is important to help fight the drug problem in Colombia because these are the sort of crops that are replacing the coca production in the areas that produce cocaine. |
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This has not only permeated the guerrilla movement, whose finance increasingly comes from charges imposed on coca leaf, but it has also extended the circle of violence to other armed groups and organised criminal groups. |
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The Spaniards took advantage of the effects of chewing coca leaves. |
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Potassium carbonate makes soaps, but also coca paste and cocaine base. |
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This war on drugs carries unintended consequences, affecting not just the coca but the surrounding ecosystems and the health of the people living there. |
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Peasant farmers produced coca paste in Peru and Bolivia, while Colombian smugglers would process the coca paste into cocaine in Colombia, and trafficked product through Cuba. |
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When the real thing came on the market in 1885, it was a secret blend of carbonated water, caramel, flavourings and the extract of coca leaves and kola nuts. |
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In the Andes of South America, the potato was domesticated between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago, along with beans, coca, llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs. |
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They farmed maize, potato, quinoa and cotton, and traded gold, emeralds, blankets, ceramic handicrafts, coca and especially rock salt with neighboring nations. |
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Financial crises in Argentina and Brazil, lower world prices for export commodities, and reduced employment in the coca sector depressed the Bolivian economy. |
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The once impenetrable and mysterious Amazon basin is riddled with roads, power plants, gold mines, boom towns, cattle ranches, settlers' swiddens, and coca plantations. |
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The coca leaves juice has a mild stimulant effect, and is known to ease stomach pain and help people from the lowlands cope with altitude sickness. |
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There, a family alleged that its property was expropriated by the Egyptian government in 1977 and then, in 1993, sold to Coca Cola. |
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The first caller through gets a copy of Rod Stewart's newie and ice cold six pack of Coca Cola! |
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I was a bit narked that the Italians didn't really do Pepsi, being monopolised by Coca Cola instead. |
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I live alone in my parent's basement and live off unrisen chocolate chip cookies dough and Coca Cola. |
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In the 1950s, Caesar and Your Show of Shows, his television show with Imogene Coca, were household names. |
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Sadly when I went back an hour or so later they had put all the sandwich wrappers in a carrier bag then dumped it on the grass along with five Coca cola cans. |
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She explained that Invesco which is a franchise holder of Coca Cola International, had the capacity to improve standards and quality of the range of products. |
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Global majors such as Coca Cola and Beatrice Foods are said to use Stevia extracts as sweetening agents in foods sold across Japan, Brazil and other countries. |
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But Cosmos still remain one of the teams which inflicted a heavy defeat on Bucks when they walloped them 5-1 in a Coca Cola Cup in Umtata a few years ago. |
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Also the COCA list includes dispersion as well as frequency to calculate rank. |
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He banded together 340 soldiers and about 4000 natives in 1541 and led them eastward down the Rio Coca and Rio Napo. |
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After following the courses of the Coca and Napo rivers, the expedition started running out of provisions. |
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Gonzalo Pizarro ordered him to explore the Coca River and return when the river ended. |
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The historical estimate for Hog Heaven was prepared by Gregory Hahn, Chief Geological Engineer for CoCa Mines Inc. |
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That 1909 music hall hit, When the Dodo Bird is Singing in a Coca Cola Tree, was a real catchy number. |
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The Konashen COCA forests are also home to countless species of insects, arachnids, and other invertebrates, many of which are still undiscovered and unnamed. |
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