| Folic acid, biotin, and choline also belong to the B group but do not have numbers. |
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| Choline dehydrogenase of E. coli catalyses the first step in the synthesis of betaine, the oxidation of choline. |
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| It is the main functional constituent of the natural surfactants, and the body's foremost reservoir of choline, an essential nutrient. |
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| Commercial lecithin, choline chloride and choline bitartrate are all categorized by law as generally recognized as safe and nontoxic. |
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| It's use to make the nerve transmitter chemical called acetyl choline that many of our nerves and our brain and our muscles use to send messages. |
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| Even wild-type strains exhibit growth stimulation in response to supplementation with inositol and choline. |
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| Inside our bodies, the B vitamins folate and choline work in a delicate balance. |
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| Found in various forms throughout the body, choline, a member of the vitamin B complex family, is involved in the creation of cell membranes. |
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| Betaine is produced in the body by oxidation of choline, another trimethylated, methyl-donating compound. |
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| Dietary reference intakes for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. |
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| The by-products of exogenous citicoline formed by hydrolysis in the intestinal wall are choline and cytidine. |
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| Graph 2 shows the effect of rumen-protected choline on dry matter consumption when added to the ration of cows being prepared for calving. |
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| The rate at which Ch-PL are hydrolyzed to yield free choline may transcend the neuron's ability to resynthesize these molecules, resulting in the net autocannibalism of its membranes. |
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| The effects of a dietary deficiency of choline itself can be alleviated by other dietary compounds that can be changed into choline. |
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| Combined with phosphorus, choline becomes lecithin, a particular form of phospholipid in the cell membranes and blood lipoproteins. |
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| In the Duke experiments, pregnant mice that received dietary supplements with vitamin B12, folic acid, choline and betaine gave birth to babies predominantly with brown coats. |
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| Betaine, choline and inositol contribute to this effect by favoring the orientation of the lipid-metabolism to the production of energy. |
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| It is an excellent source of many of the B vitamins, including thiamine, choline, B6, niacin, and folic acid. |
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| However, the liver is able to synthesize all the lecithin the body needs if sufficient choline is present in the diet. |
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| Most patients do reasonably well if they keep to a diet that strictly curbs their intake of choline. |
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| The amount of aliphatic amines in urine is thus an indirect measure of how much choline is available. |
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| The reason for Dr Nicholson's interest was that choline is essential for metabolising fat, but dogs cannot synthesise it themselves. |
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| One of these salts, choline chloride, appears to have potential as a therapy and will be studied further. |
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| The complex combination of diglycerides of fatty acids linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid. |
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| The identification number usually consists of three or four digits such as 100 for curcumins and 1001 for choline salts and esters. |
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| Classified as a vitamin-like compound and similar to the B vitamin family, inositol works with choline to build cell membranes. |
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| Lecithin is also known as phosphatidylcholine because it provides choline. |
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| In contrast, choline is essentially derived from the circulation, and only negligible amounts are incorporated into other lipids, such as sphingomyelin. |
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| There is no doubt that choline and its cousins are related to memory. |
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| In spinach and sugar beet the enzymes responsible for converting choline into betaine have been characterized, and the corresponding genes cloned and sequenced. |
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| Cauliflower contains a wealth of fiber and choline, along with powerful phytochemical compounds indole-3-carbinol and isothiocyanates. |
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| One egg has half the amount of choline you need every day. |
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| A higher intake of folate, choline, vitamin B2 and betaine was found to have the biggest effect. |
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| I have observed favorable clinical results from oral glyceryl phosphoryl choline and phosphatidyl choline liquid. |
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| Long term choline alfoscerate treatment counters age-dependent microanatomical changes in rat brain. |
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| The body is able to synthesise choline in the liver, but production is not always sufficient to cover requirements and it is wise to add it to the diet. |
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| Methionine, choline and threonine interrelationships for growth and lipotropic action in the baby pig and rat. |
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| The addition of choline stimulates lipid metabolism. |
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| Investigations tracing back the source of contamination revealed that it was not the pure choline chloride itself but the carrier which was contaminated. |
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| Acetylcholine is inactivated by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is located at cholinergic synapses and breaks down the acetylcholine molecule into choline and acetate. |
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| The presence of choline, cuscohygrine, solacaproine, solanine, solaso-dine in different parts of the plant has been reported. |
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| Dogs on the restricted diet had lower levels of the amines in their urine than did their well-fed counterparts implying that less choline was being made available. |
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| Furthermore, choline is considered as a lipotropic factor preventing abnormal accumulation of lipid and development of fatty livers. |
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| A phospholipid is similar to a triglyceride except that it contains a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing compound such as choline instead of one of the fatty acids. |
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| Kerry-Ann da Costa, PhD, and colleagues gave 79 men and women a 10-day diet that provided 550 mg choline per day, which is the Institute of Medicine's adequate intake level. |
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| To date there have been no good research studies to show that such supplements as choline, inositol, chromium, L-carnitine, or whatever can increase one's metabolic rate. |
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| Choline chloride is hygroscopic, and when added to a vitamin premix it will generally hasten the rate of other vitamin destruction. |
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