| The stalk is usually longer, the chalazal scar larger and often oval in outline, and the grooves on the back of the pip parallel to each other. |
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| In adventitious embryony, the embryo develops directly from nucellar or chalazal tissue without an intervening gametophyte stage. |
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| No changes in the staining of chalazal cell walls were detected at the end of grain filling. |
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| Note the chalazal vascular bundle that encircles about three-quarters of the seed and the two short side branches that contain phloem only. |
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| In addition, a strong staining was observed in maternal chalazal tissue shortly after fertilization, and persisted throughout seed development. |
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| Moreover, within an embryo sac, endosperm nuclei were always of the same size, with no typical chalazal cyst formed in endosperms with three or more syncytial mitoses. |
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| These nutrients enter the seed through a single vascular bundle in the funiculus that extends into the seed coat as the chalazal vein and its two lateral branches. |
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| Currently an autapomorphy for Cyanastrum, although may be homologous with chalazal elaiosomes or pachychalaza in other taxa. |
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| Nevertheless there are curious points to be investigated in the earlier stages of development, such as the vascular supply and the chalazal lobings. |
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