| The thoracic duct is located slightly ventral and medial to the azygos vein. |
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| When this occurs the posterior intercostal veins on the left side of the thorax may drain into the azygos vein independently. |
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| The thoracic duct has also been found draining into the azygos vein and the inferior vena cava. |
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| A persistent left superior vena cava may be associated with the presence of two azygos veins. |
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| The bronchial courses caudally, beneath the arch of the azygos vein, to the right bronchus, where it follows the posterosuperior border of the bronchus to enter the lung. |
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| I read that problems with the azygos veins are difficult to see without a venogram. |
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| Other unusual sites of drainage include the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, azygos vein, left subclavian vein, portal vein, and left persistent superior vena cava. |
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| It is a vascular condition caused by malformed and severely narrowed or blocked jugular and azygos veins. |
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| The thoracic duct is transected at the level of the diaphragm and arch of the azygos vein by using 10-mm endoclips and excised with the specimen. |
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| The Stanford classification divides stenoses into four types, with type III being complete obstruction with reverse circulation in the azygos vein. |
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