How to use alpha particles in a sentence

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Sentence Examples In 1903 he invented the spinthariscope to detect alpha particles emitted by radioactive elements. The major disadvantage of thoria are the environmental issues due to the exposure to the alpha particles emitted by thorium. The raw spectra of protons, deuterons, tritons and alpha particles were fitted with a three moving source prescription. Alpha decay occurs when an atomic nucleus disintegrates by emitting alpha particles. Because of their low penetrability, alpha particles do not usually pose a threat to living organisms, unless they are ingested. Most of the transuranium elements have isotopes that disintegrate by fissioning in addition to emitting alpha particles. It is prepared artificially by bombarding curium with alpha particles in a particle accelerator. Sensitive detectors can track the alpha particles produced and capture the two photons that are produced when the pion subsequently decays. Alpha radiation is the stream of alpha particles emitted when radioactive materials disintegrate. For instance, after five alpha particles have been emitted we are left with element 105, which is called dubnium. This was used on his electroscopes and on his ionisation chambers for the work that he did with alpha particles. It is prepared artificially in particle accelerators by bombarding heavy transuranium elements, such as californium, with alpha particles. As a result, beta particles interact less readily with material than alpha particles. Alpha emitting radionuclides emit alpha particles, each consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The radioactive material generates ionising radiations, which include alpha particles, beta particles, X-rays and gamma rays. Atomic number 101 is a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles. The normalizing factor for exposure to alpha particles is 20, for thermal neutrons is two, for fast neutrons is 10, for protons is 10, and for beta particles is one. These were alpha particles, which were powerful ionizers but easily absorbed, and beta particles, which were less effective but far more penetrating. A few alpha particles were deflected from their straight course. Giant halos have been observed and cited as possible evidence for superheavy elements that emit very energetic alpha particles. Show More Sentences When alpha particles bombard a crystal phosphor, tiny scintillations are visible to microscopic observation. The young physicists beamed alpha particles through gold foil and detected them as flashes of light or scintillations on a screen. Uranium and thorium are subject to alpha decay, i.e. they emit alpha particles, which are actually nuclei of helium. The Commission asked Bruce if this plan includes tests for alpha particles as well as for beta particles. Therapeutic radiation means medical treatment by irradiation with gamma rays, x-rays, alpha particles or beta particles. This is the category of radiation that alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays belong to. It shoots off alpha particles that travel only a few inches and cannot penetrate the skin. Less intensely radioactive than bomb-grade uranium, DU emits alpha particles, known to cause cancers. It gives off 5,000 times more alpha particles than does the same amount of radium. Second, to prevent radiation poisoning, personnel should be informed that DU produces mainly alpha particles. It emits pure alpha particles, which outside the body can be stopped by a sheet of tissue paper. These progeny subsequently decay, emitting alpha particles and other forms of radiation in the process. She considers that more studies should be undertaken on the effects of alpha particles released to the environment. In her intervention, M. Shiell also expressed concerns about long-term genetic effects of alpha particles released to the environment. High-energy, short-range alpha particles are genotoxic, causing potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic chromosome damage. Ionizing radiation, which includes alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays and X-rays, is radiation that has enough energy to knock an orbital electron off of an atom. Rutherford knew that alpha particles, which readily pierced the atom's cloud of electrons, didn't have enough energy to penetrate and pry apart the nucleus. The experimenters bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. When alpha particles are emitted as a spontaneous nuclear reaction, the radioactive material transmutates toward a more stable isotope or element. Although alpha particles are not a very penetrating form of radiation, when inside the body they can do significant harm to any living cells they happen to pass through. Show More Sentences Consequently, radionuclides that emit alpha particles are not an external exposure hazard but can be harmful if the material is inhaled or ingested. On Earth, creating high-energy alpha particles or X-rays can take room-sized pieces of equipment. Beta particles are smaller than alpha particles. Radioactive inclusions in rock often cause concentric spheres of discoloration due to the damage caused by alpha particles as they are emitted by the radioactive substance. In fact, this is a multistep process involving the expulsion of eight alpha particles and six beta particles, along with a considerable amount of energy. During the Rn-222 decay process, three alpha particles are emitted. Pleochroic halo, ring of colour produced around a radioactive impurity included in a mineral by alpha particles emitted from the radioactive elements in the inclusion. To compensate for errors due to the absorption of alpha particles by glass-fibre or cellulose-ester filters, an appropriate correction factor must be applied during the associated calculations of radon-progeny concentrations. Whereas the first isotope emits only one alpha particle during its decay, the latter has a decay chain with 4 alpha particles and could be much more efficient, at least when its full potential can be exploited. They are highly ionising, but do not travel far: shielding against alpha particles requires only a thin layer of material, such as a piece of paper. The selective killing of tumour cells is due to the alpha particles. Understanding how soft errors are induced by cosmic rays, alpha particles and thermal neutrons is extremely complex. In this area, important new work was started on trying to understand the exact processes by which radiation, such as the alpha particles, destroys malignant cells. To their astonishment, a small fraction of the alpha particles experienced heavy deflection. In 1928, Walter Bothe observed that beryllium emitted a highly penetrating, electrically neutral radiation when bombarded with alpha particles. Low penetrating radiation such as alpha particles have a low external risk due to the shielding effect of the top layers of skin. From the magnitude of deflection, it was clear that alpha particles were much more massive than beta particles. Heat produced by the deceleration of these alpha particles makes it warm to the touch. The partnership with Alpha Science will complement our alpha particles test offering with packaging alpha emission measurement. The alpha particles further heat the fuel, increasing the rate of fusion reactions, thus producing more alpha particles. Show More Sentences Thus, the alpha particles, which seem to be tunneling through an impenetrable barrier, really penetrate it as a natural consequence of their wave properties. In Germany, Walther Bothe and his student Herbert Becker had used polonium to bombard beryllium with alpha particles, producing an unusual form of radiation. Alpha particles from natural radioactive sources do not have enough energy to burst through the strong electrostatic barrier around big nuclei. Alpha particles generated by inhaled plutonium have been found to cause lung cancer in a cohort of European nuclear workers. Examples from Classical Literature One such reaction uses alpha particles emitted by polonium-210 to bombard the element beryllium. Find more words! 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