| Upland soils are highly weathered alfisols and ultisols, with large clay fractions and chert intermixed throughout the profile. |
|
| Alfisols are intermediate in maturity between mollisols or spodosols and ultisols. |
|
| It is widespread on rocky areas and is grown on different soil associations, including alfisols, regosols and lithosols. |
|
| Pre-mining soils are largely order Alfisols and Subgroup Typic Fragiudalfs including infertile fragipan and claypan soils. |
|
| The soils of the study area are classified as Alfisols, characterized by a subsurface horizon in which silica has accumulated by illuviation. |
|
