| The patent covers the use of surnames and Y-chromosomes to establish a family connection. |
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| Then, scientists discovered a cluster of closely related lines of Y-chromosomes, which are handed down from father to son. |
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| The project will involve volunteers giving DNA samples so their Y-chromosomes can be compared for possible similarities. |
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| So instead of going to a class with no Y-chromosomes, Michelle took action. |
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| He and his colleagues looked at Y-chromosomes, passed from father to son, of Celtic and Norwegian populations, and found them to be quite different. |
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