In the French service they wore helmets with horsehair crests but in Saxony they wore the square-topped national cap of Poland called a czapska. |
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Until 1917, the male-line descendants of Queen Victoria bore the arms of Saxony on an inescutcheon over the royal arms. |
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The castle itself, built in 1046, is a brooding structure perched on the hill above the River Mulde in Saxony. |
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The Saxon title was offered to a duke in Saxony called Maurice and the title would be his at the end of a victorious campaign. |
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Starting in the mid-fifteenth century, the decorative stone serpentine was quarried in many small mines in Zoblitz, near Marienberg in Saxony. |
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The crown prince of Saxony was given the new Meuse Army, comprising three of First Army's corps and two cavalry divisions. |
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Like every prisoner in that 18th-century castle in Saxony, Crawford was a one-man awkward squad, a habitual escaper and troublemaker. |
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There is a loan exhibition of Meissen porcelain from the British Museum in London entitled The Glory of Saxony. |
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Around the year 1271 he served as lector in the Dominican convent at Freiberg in Saxony. |
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Shortly after getting back from that trip to Saxony, John and Charles Wesley broke with the Moravians for some fairly complex theological reasons. |
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When crown prince Friedrich Augustus of Saxony married Maria Josepha of Austria in 1719, the party raged for a full 28 days. |
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These were the Duke of Saxony, the Margrave of Brandenburg, the King of Bavaria, the Count Palatine of the Rhine and the three archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne. |
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On the Elbe, it is also the capital of Saxony, sometime birthplace of the kings of Poland, the cradle of Lutheranism, and was once called the Protestant Vatican. |
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For instance, he points out, Charlemagne treated Saxony like his own personal punching bag. |
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Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. |
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A Prussian scheme for compensating Frederick Augustus with Bohemia in exchange for Saxony obviously presupposed further spoliation of Austria. |
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On 29 August 1756, he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria. |
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First, he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia, then use the Saxon army and treasury to aid the Prussian war effort. |
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The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. |
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The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, was signed on 15 February 1763, at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig. |
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At the same time, he refused to evacuate Saxony until its elector had renounced any claim to reparation. |
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The treaty simply restored the status quo of 1748, with Silesia and Glatz reverting to Frederick and Saxony to its own elector. |
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Russia wanted most of Poland, and Prussia wanted all of Saxony, whose king had allied with Napoleon. |
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The Moravian Brethren of Herrnhut, Saxony, first came to the Labrador Coast in 1760 to minister to the migratory Inuit tribes there. |
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Around 1100, the Duke of Saxony gave Holstein, as it was his own country, to Count Adolf I of Schauenburg. |
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His arms show the crancelin of Saxony impaled with the crossed swords of the Marshalcy of the Empire which went with the Saxon Electorate. |
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These Suevi Angili would have been in Lower Saxony or near it, but they are not coastal. |
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This region subsequently acquired the name Saxony through political circumstances, though it was initially called the March of Meissen. |
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He was a younger brother of Count William IX of Poitiers, Henry the Young King and Duchess Matilda of Saxony. |
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Napoleon elevated the rulers of the two largest Confederation states, Saxony and Bavaria, to the status of kings. |
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Saxony left Prussia, and together with small states from north Germany, allied with France. |
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The remainder of imperial forces came mostly from the Confederation of the Rhine, especially Saxony and Bavaria. |
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In this regard, Prussia was restored in its former borders, and also received large chunks of Poland and Saxony. |
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Early on it was the Saxons, who occupied Old Saxony, located in what is now Northern Germany. |
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The Saxon defeat resulted in their forced christening and the absorption of Old Saxony into the Carolingian Empire. |
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He defeated the candidacies of Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Francis I of France, and Henry VIII of England. |
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Several families with the surname Tolkien or similar spelling live in northwestern Germany, mainly in Lower Saxony and Hamburg. |
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The Sorbs, a Slavic population of about 60,000, are in the Lusatia region of Saxony and Brandenburg. |
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Sometimes there are overlaps and transition areas between the various regions of Lower Saxony. |
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Lower Saxony also has a border with the Dutch provinces of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen as well as part of the German North Sea coast. |
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The establishment of permanent boundaries between what later became Lower Saxony and Westphalia began in the 12th century. |
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Had this plan come to fruition, the territory of the present Lower Saxony would have consisted of three states of roughly equal size. |
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Lower Saxony was at the western end of the direct escape route from East Prussia and had the longest border with the Soviet Zone. |
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On 3 October 1950 Lower Saxony took over the sponsorship of the very large number of refugees from Silesia. |
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Even in economically prosperous times the jobless totals in Lower Saxony are constantly higher than the federal average. |
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In 1961 Georg Diederichs took office as the minister president of Lower Saxony as the successor to Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf. |
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Mining has also been an important source of income in Lower Saxony for centuries. |
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Although overall yields are comparatively low, Lower Saxony is also an important supplier of crude oil in the European Union. |
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Thanks to the importance of car manufacturing in Lower Saxony, a thriving supply industry is centred around its regional focal points. |
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His empire based in modern France, the Low Countries and Germany expanded into modern Hungary, Italy, Bohemia, Lower Saxony and Spain. |
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These included the duchies of Alemannia, Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia, as well as the northern and eastern marches with the Danes and Slavs. |
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Duke Henry of Saxony was in rebellion against Conrad I until 915 and struggle against Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria cost Conrad I his life. |
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On his deathbed Conrad I chose Henry of Saxony as the most capable successor. |
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Upon Clovis's death in 511, the Merovingian kingdom included all of Gaul except Burgundy and all of Germania magna except Saxony. |
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He then controlled Saxony with the exception of Nordalbingia, but Saxon resistance had not ended. |
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In 777, he called a national diet at Paderborn to integrate Saxony fully into the Frankish kingdom. |
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In the summer of 779, he again invaded Saxony and reconquered Eastphalia, Engria and Westphalia. |
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He returned to Saxony in 782 and instituted a code of law and appointed counts, both Saxon and Frank. |
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Bavaria was subdivided into Frankish counties, as had been done with Saxony. |
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For Charles the Younger he designated Austrasia and Neustria, Saxony, Burgundy and Thuringia. |
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Early among these were Saxony and Bavaria, which had been conquered by Charlemagne. |
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By the tenth and twelfth centuries, respectively, Saxony and Bavaria had adopted descent myths, although they may have existed much earlier. |
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All of Saxony, except for Nordalbingia was under his control, but the recalcitrant Saxons would not submit for long. |
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In summer 779, Charlemagne again went into Saxony and conquered Eastphalia, Engria, and Westphalia. |
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Charlemagne returned in 782 to Saxony and instituted a code of law and appointed counts, both Saxon and Frank. |
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When the king heard of this disaster he decided not to delay, but made haste to gather an army, and marched into Saxony. |
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There were important movements as well in the smaller states of Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and the Palatinate. |
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The Austrian army therefore faced the technologically superior Prussian army with support only from Saxony. |
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Maurice was a son of William the Silent and Princess Anna of Saxony and was born at the castle of Dillenburg. |
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He was named after his maternal grandfather, the Elector Maurice of Saxony, who was also a noted general. |
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In January 1519, at Altenburg in Saxony, the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopted a more conciliatory approach. |
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During the 16th century a treadle wheel with flyer was in common use, and gained such names as the Saxony wheel and the flax wheel. |
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The connection with radon gas was first recognized among miners in the Ore Mountains near Schneeberg, Saxony. |
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There is also a castle called Frankenstein in Bad Salzungen, Thuringia, and a municipality called Frankenstein in Saxony. |
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Karl Emil Maximilian Weber was born in 1864, in Erfurt, Province of Saxony, Prussia. |
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In Amman's Gynaeceum, many women hold hankies, including a German princess, a noble maiden of Saxony, and an Ausburg woman of the lower class. |
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In 881, Charles the Fat was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor while Louis III of Saxony and Louis III of Francia died the following year. |
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It bordered on Frisia and Saxony to the north, Thuringia to the east, Swabia and Burgundy to the south and to Neustria and Flanders to the west. |
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Emden is a town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems. |
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Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, obtained a safe conduct for Luther to and from the meeting. |
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In fact, Lower Saxony borders more neighbours than any other single Bundesland. |
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In the extreme west of Lower Saxony is the Emsland, a traditionally poor and sparsely populated area, once dominated by inaccessible swamps. |
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Thus, Lower Saxony is the only Bundesland that encompasses both maritime and mountainous areas. |
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The state and city of Bremen is an enclave entirely surrounded by Lower Saxony. |
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Lower Saxony has clear regional divisions that manifest themselves both geographically as well as historically and culturally. |
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Silver mines were opened in Bohemia, Saxony, Erzgebirge, Alsace, the Lahn region, Siegerland, Silesia, Hungary, Norway, Steiermark, Salzburg, and the southern Black Forest. |
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The Kingdom of Italy was finally granted to King Carloman of Bavaria, but a stroke forced him to abdicate Italy to his brother Charles the Fat and Bavaria to Louis of Saxony. |
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The hereditary elector of Saxony, Augustus III, was also elective King of Poland as Augustus III, but the two territories were physically separated by Brandenburg and Silesia. |
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Saxony and Bavaria were united with Charles the Fat's Kingdom, and Francia and Neustria were granted to Carloman of Aquitaine who also conquered Lower Burgundy. |
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Unlike so many contemporary goldsmiths and enamellers who travelled extensively throughout Europe to learn their trade, he appears to have remained in Saxony all his life. |
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Frederick saw Saxony and Polish west Prussia as potential fields for expansion but could not expect French support if he started an aggressive war for them. |
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The city of Hanover is the largest and capital city of Lower Saxony. |
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The major war in continental Europe that the British had hoped to avoid exploded in August 1756 when Frederick the Great attacked and overran the Austrian ally Saxony. |
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They were Protestants and chose reliably Protestant Saxony over Silesia, a Hapsburg possession as religious tensions mounted in the years before the Thirty Years War. |
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Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other, its seaport city of Bremerhaven. |
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He concentrated on the church in the Electorate of Saxony, acting only as an adviser to churches in new territories, many of which followed his Saxon model. |
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The northwestern area of Lower Saxony, which lies on the coast of the North Sea, is called East Frisia and the seven East Frisian Islands offshore are popular with tourists. |
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Following his subjugation of the dukes of Friuli and Spoleto, Charlemagne returned rapidly to Saxony in 776, where a rebellion had destroyed his fortress at Eresburg. |
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The northern half of Lower Saxony, also known as the North German Plains, is almost invariably flat except for the gentle hills around the Bremen geestland. |
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The Protestant movement of the 16th century occurred under the protection of the Electorate of Saxony, an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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A large proportion of these original settlers came from Old Saxony. |
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The area formerly known as Upper Saxony now lies in Central Germany. |
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This led to the differentiation between Lower Saxony, lands settled by the Saxon tribe and Upper Saxony, the lands belonging to the House of Wettin. |
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The trade name Rochlitz Porphyr is the traditional designation for a dimension stone of Saxony with an architectural history over 1,000 years in Germany. |
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The name of Saxony derives from that of the Germanic tribe of the Saxons. |
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Before the late medieval period, there was a single Duchy of Saxony. |
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The original language of the folk in the area of Old Saxony was West Low German, one of the varieties of language in the Low German dialect group. |
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Methodism was also spread in Germany through the missionary work of the American Methodist Episcopal Church, which began in 1849 in Bremen, soon spreading to Saxony. |
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At the same time a distinction was made with the eastern part of the old Saxon lands from the central German principalities later called Upper Saxony for dynastic reasons. |
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The close historical links between the domains of the Lower Saxon Circle now in modern Lower Saxony survived for centuries especially from a dynastic point of view. |
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The forerunners of today's state of Lower Saxony were lands that were geographically and, to some extent, institutionally interrelated from very early on. |
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Methodism is most prevalent in southern Saxony and around Stuttgart. |
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The law contains ancient customary enactments of Saxony, and, in the form in which it reached us, is later than the conquest of Saxony by Charlemagne. |
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However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. |
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Overall, Lower Saxony, with its large tracts of rural countryside and few urban centres, was one of the industrially weaker regions of the federal republic for a long time. |
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In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, in which Glatz was returned to Prussia in exchange for the Prussian evacuation of Saxony. |
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Prussia had retaken all of Silesia from the Austrians, and after Frederick's 1762 victory at the Battle of Burkersdorf he held most of Saxony but not its capital, Dresden. |
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After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. |
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The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. |
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The princes of Saxony, for example, carried out an impressive series of fundamental fiscal, administrative, judicial, educational, cultural and general economic reforms. |
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Lower Saxony was one of the origins of the German environmentalist movement in reaction to the state government's support for underground nuclear waste disposal. |
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In Lower Saxony the brook becomes a comparatively large river. |
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The engagement resulted in a decisive victory for the Coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Saxony, and Sweden, and it ended French power east of the Rhine. |
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