| But he soon quarrelled with the Rump and defied its attempt to cashier him by leading a military coup in October. |
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| The Rump Parliament was recalled and there was a second period where the executive power lay with the Council of state. |
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| Cromwell forcibly disbanded the Rump Parliament in 1653, thereby establishing the Protectorate with himself as Lord Protector. |
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| Cromwell dismissed the Rump Parliament and failed to create an acceptable alternative. |
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| However, the Rump depended on the support of the Army with which it had a very uneasy relationship. |
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| For the first two years of the Commonwealth, the Rump faced economic depression and the risk of invasion from Scotland and Ireland. |
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| Most of England's traditional ruling classes regarded the Rump as an illegal government made up of regicides and upstarts. |
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| However, they were also aware that the Rump might be all that stood in the way of an outright military dictatorship. |
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| Cromwell, aided by Thomas Harrison, forcibly dismissed the Rump on 20 April 1653, for reasons that are unclear. |
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| Many former members of the Rump continued to regard themselves as England's only legitimate constitutional authority. |
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| The dissolution of the Rump was followed by a short period in which Cromwell and the Army ruled alone. |
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| After seven months the Grandees in the New Model Army removed him and, on 6 May 1659, they reinstalled the Rump Parliament. |
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| Thus weakened, the remaining body of MPs, known as the Rump, agreed that Charles should be tried on a charge of treason. |
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| In March, Cromwell was chosen by the Rump to command a campaign against them. |
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| After the dissolution of the Rump, power passed temporarily to a council that debated what form the constitution should take. |
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| He continued to live in the Palace of Whitehall until July, when he was forced by the Rump to return to Hursley. |
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| After seven months, an army faction known as the Wallingford House party removed him on 6 May 1659 and reinstalled the Rump Parliament. |
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| The news of the expulsion of the Rump in April 1653 excited Lilbume's hopes of returning to England. |
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| However, the Navy declared for Parliament, and on 26 December 1659 the Rump was restored to power. |
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| Some of the Rump Parliament were opposed and refused to sit with the Secluded Members. |
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| General Edmond Ludlow, still loyal to the Rump Parliament was also excepted. |
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| In January 1649, the Rump House of Commons indicted him on a charge of treason, which was rejected by the House of Lords. |
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| The House of Lords was abolished by the Rump Commons, and executive power was assumed by a Council of State. |
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| After the second dissolution of the Rump, in October 1659, the prospect of a total descent into anarchy loomed as the Army's pretence of unity finally dissolved into factions. |
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| Oliver Cromwell forcibly disbanded the Rump in 1653 when it seemed to be planning to perpetuate itself rather than call new elections as had been agreed. |
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| When this parliament was dissolved following pressure from the army in April 1659, the Rump Parliament was recalled at the insistence of the surviving army grandees. |
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| Despite its unpopularity, the Rump was a link with the old constitution, and helped to settle England down and make it secure after the biggest upheaval in its history. |
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| The Rump passed many restrictive laws to regulate people's moral behaviour, such as closing down theatres and requiring strict observance of Sunday. |
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| This marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Council of State as the executive. |
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| Since 1649 and prior to the Protectorate, England, Ireland and later Scotland had been governed as a republic by the Council of State and the Rump Parliament. |
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| On 25 May, after the Rump agreed to pay his debts and provide a pension, Cromwell delivered a formal letter resigning the position of Lord Protector. |
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| To deal with the threat that the two kingdoms posed to the English Commonwealth, the Rump Parliament sent a parliamentary army under Cromwell to invade and subdue Ireland. |
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| Bermuda and Virginia, as well as Antigua and Barbados were, however, the subjects of an Act of the Rump Parliament which was essentially a declaration of war. |
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| The Rump was created by Pride's Purge of those members of the Long Parliament who did not support the political position of the Grandees in the New Model Army. |
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| Just before and after the execution of King Charles I on 30 January 1649, the Rump passed a number of acts of Parliament creating the legal basis for the republic. |
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| This Rump Parliament received orders to set up, in the name of the people of England, a High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I for treason. |
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| This left the Rump as basically a conservative body whose vested interests in the existing land ownership and legal systems made it unlikely to want to reform them. |
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| Between 1649 and 1653, there was no single English head of state, as England was ruled directly by the Rump Parliament during a period known as the Commonwealth of England. |
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| However, the Rump returned to debating its own bill for a new government. |
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