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Sentence Examples It happened 252 million years ago, at the boundary of the Permian and Triassic geological ages. In the Beysehir region, kilometre-sized blocks of fusulinid-bearing Permian limestone occur directly beneath the ophiolite. The wonderful silicified Permian ferns from Brazil, such as psaronias, tieteas, and calamites, are also described. The Murihiku Terrane is one of several Permian to early Cretaceous tectonostratigraphic terranes comprising the basement underlying New Zealand. Strong uniformity in Permian ammonoid biostratigraphy and provincialism between Xinjiang and Pamir is suggested. Early Permian lagenides do not exhibit marked provincialism, but there is evidence for paleolatitudinal control on assemblages. The first neuropterans are believed to have appeared during the Permian, almost 300 million years ago. According to these studies, allometric growth is particularly common in Carboniferous and Permian ammonoids. Jansen also describes gabbro, diabase, ultrabasic rocks and Permian limestones in a comparable section on Naxos. These are unconformably overlain by Lower Carboniferous limestones of the Alapaevsk unit and cut by a Permian granite. The great lycopod and cordaite trees of the Carboniferous and Permian were long gone, although smaller lycopods survived. Extensional faults are planed by a regional unconformity that is overstepped by Permian to Cretaceous strata. Carboniferous and Permian strata often contain useful index fossils belonging to this group. Permian and Triassic plutonic complexes comprise monzonite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite with minor gabbro and diorite. Calcareous microgranular and porcellaneous tests evolved in the Carboniferous, and calcareous hyaline tests in the Permian. The Late Palaeozoic palaeomagnetic database for Siberia is poor apart from Late Permian times. We found no palaeontological evidence for marine conditions in the Falklands Permian succession. This family presently contains more than 22 genera subdivided into three subfamilies, and the family extends through most of the Permian. The majority of these flutes commence in the lee of Carboniferous and Permian boulders, indicative of a local subglacial origin. The early Permian saw the continuation of the Carboniferous biomes, with polar tundra regions and warm wet tropical swamp forests. Show More Sentences Successions in the more intact Permian units are depositionally underlain by siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Permian shale, sandstone, siltstone, limestone, sands, marls, and dolostones were deposited by sea-level fluctuations. The conglomerates contain a mixture of basement-derived clasts and large Upper Permian limestone clasts. Whereas the Early Permian pelycosaur record is extensive, Carboniferous pelycosaur remains are rare and poorly known. A characteristic pelycosaur was Dimetrodon, a large predator from the Permian of Texas. Fossils of the group are mostly Cenozoic, though some Permian and Carboniferous fossils are also known. Other orders became very abundant and some appeared for the first time in the Permian. In the dry late Permian environment many types of synapsids and reptiles flourished. Mississippian catillocrinids range from 24 to 50 arms, Pennsylvanian genera have 20, and Permian genera range from 21 to more than 40 arms. The ancestral archosaurs probably originated some 250 million years or so ago, in the late Permian period. Similar features have been seen in Permian and Triassic conifer trunks from Antarctica and North America. Throughout the Permian period the numbers of invertebrate species tends to decrease. Does lithology account for the very different patterns of faulting in the Permian sandstones and dolostones? What about the 30-inch dragonflies, six inch cockroaches, and the dimetrodons of the Permian period? He figured and mentioned a Permian embiopteran, but the features are vague and its assignment not definitive. During the late Permian the dinocephalians suddenly disappeared, and were replaced by a further wave of more mammalian therapsids. They intrude Upper Carboniferous host rocks, but do not penetrate the Permian units. From the Early Permian to the Late Triassic, however, there are only a few reports of mite wood borers. Uppermost Permian and Triassic terrestrial sediments conformably overlie the terminal volcanic rocks. During the Late Permian they evolved huge, heavily armored herbivores, the pareiasaurs. Show More Sentences The event, known as the Great Dying, occurred about 250 million years ago at the boundary between the Permian and Triassic periods. The Permian saw the appearance of stoneflies, true bugs, beetles, and caddisflies, among other groups. They are absent in the fossil record between the Early Carboniferous and the Late Permian. Both Permian perrinitid ammonoid areas are located within the transitional belt between the active geosyncline and the adjacent stable platform. The dominant taxa at that time had compressed, moderately to openly umbilicate shells with slowly expanding whorls, morphologies poorly exploited by Permian goniatitids. The age of the Whin Sill complex and the associated dykes can be narrowed down to Late Carboniferous to Early Permian by stratigraphical evidence. There is a gap of several tens of millions of years between the Middle Permian when the last Metoptomatids lived, and the Middle Triassic when the true limpets appear. Conventionally, the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian systems constitute the Lower Palaeozoic and the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian comprise the Upper Palaeozoic. It was a fissure filling of Paleozoic, probably Permian, age. All groups of pelycosaurs went extinct by the end of the Permian. The only known igneous rocks in the area are Permian periodotite and lamprophyre dikes as well as diatremes of ultramafic composition associated with the Fluorite district. A major extensional event of Permian age post-dates all of these strata. Following the extinction of the Permian therapsids due to the end Permian-extinction, most of the large animals that populated Pangea were archosaurs or archosauromorphs. This is substantiated by the presence of eroded Permian carbonate clasts. The Maghrebian belt, forming the main part of Sicily, consists of Permian to Oligocene shelf and basinal carbonate successions, followed by younger terrigenous deposits. With the appearance of monographic descriptions of the brachiopods and bivalves, Licharew determined the age of these deposits to be Late Permian. The early Permian rifting in the North Atlantic involved siliciclastic sedimentation in extensional basins and widespread extrusive and intrusive magmatic activity. Athyrids were most abundant during the Silurian and Devonian periods, but still remained common during the early Carboniferous, and even as late as the Permian. The records from coeval localities in Russia and NW China provide independent and unique evidence of deteriorating atmospheric conditions at the close of the Permian. I am today in Odessa, Texas, here to speak this afternoon at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin. Show More Sentences The Great Dying occurred between the Permian and Triassic periods, when all of today's continents were concentrated in one great land mass called Pangea. Whatever disaster overtook life on Earth at the end of the Permian killed off just about all of the temnospondyls in a fairly short space of time. Permian shelf-type successions there pass into Triassic sandstones and shales with detached Permian limestone blocks, overlain by Upper Triassic neritic carbonates. Biarmosuchians are a group of small-to-medium sized carnivorous therapsids known exclusively from Middle to Upper Permian strata in South Africa and Russia. During the Permian, India was a part of the Gondwanan supercontinent. The extinction occurred at the boundary between the Permian and Triassic periods at a time when all land was concentrated in a supercontinent called Pangea. By Early Permian time certain lagenides were adapted to cool water paleoenvironments, as evidenced by their occurrences in high paleolalitudes and even in glaciomarine basins. At the locality in question, cast-dipping beds of the Middle Permian Park City and Phosphoria Formations form a succession of low ridges and intervening swales. Our first speaker, Silja Saarepuu, spoke on the depiction of animals on bronze and other artefacts found in the Permian and Komi territories of the Russian Federation. Archosauromorph reptiles, especially archosaurs, progressively replaced the synapsids that had dominated the previous Permian period. The top of the Coal Measures may be marked by an unconformity, the overlying rocks being Permian or later in age. All the islands of Scilly are all composed of granite rock of early Permian age, an exposed part of the Cornubian batholith. The additions are attributed to 14 MMBOE in California including 6 MMBOE in the Diatomite, 16 MMBOE in the Uinta, and 8 MMBOE in the Permian. The caves are enlarged out of Lower Permian sandstones and their associated breccias and purple shales. The gorge cut by the river through the Permian Magnesian Limestone can be seen most clearly at Ford Quarry. In the northern part of the county there are examples of Jurassic, Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic. Centrally, Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian predominate. Trilobites, which had thrived since Cambrian times, finally became extinct before the end of the Permian. The bedrock underlying Birmingham was mostly laid down during the Permian and Triassic periods. Large aeolian sand dunes are preserved in Permian sandstones near Brodick, showing the presence of an ancient desert. Show More Sentences The Permian spanned from 299 to 252 million years ago and was the last period of the Paleozoic Era. During the Permian and Triassic periods, with the Iapetus Ocean entirely closed, Scotland lay near the centre of the Pangaean supercontinent. They were thought at that time to be the British version of Germany's Rotliegendes, which is in fact of Permian age. To Roderick Impey Murchison, Scottish geologist, explorer of Perm Krai, who gives to the last period of the Palaeozoic era the name of Permian. They neared extinction at the end of the Paleozoic era, with just six species known from the Permian period. Some of these were in mass extinctions such as those at the ends of the Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous periods. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the city of Perm. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the early amniotes into the ancestral groups of the mammals, turtles, lepidosaurs, and archosaurs. During the Permian, all the Earth's major landmasses were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. At the start of the Permian, the Earth was still in an ice age, which began in the Carboniferous. In the late Permian period, the drying continued although the temperature cycled between warm and cool cycles. Permian marine deposits are rich in fossil mollusks, echinoderms, and brachiopods. By the close of the Permian, trilobites and a host of other marine groups became extinct. Terrestrial life in the Permian included diverse plants, fungi, arthropods, and various types of tetrapods. The shelled cephalopods called ammonites recovered, diversifying from a single line that survived the Permian extinction. The fish fauna was remarkably uniform, suggesting that very few families survived the Permian extinction. Also appearing at the end of the Permian were the first cynodonts, which would go on to evolve into mammals during the Triassic. The Permian period saw the development of a fully terrestrial fauna and the appearance of the first large herbivores and carnivores. The special adaptations of reptiles enabled them to flourish in the drier climate of the Permian and they grew to dominate the vertebrates. Permian amphibians consisted of temnospondyli, lepospondyli and batrachosaurs. Show More Sentences The Permian through Jurassic stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah. Mitochondrial phylogenetics suggest that the first lizards evolved in the late Permian. The soil is alluvial, derived from Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian rocks. Later, reptiles prospered and continued to increase in number and variety by the late Permian. During the Permian period, the land became dominated by seed plants such as Glossopteris, a pteridosperm which grew in swamps. Towards the end of the Permian period, continued warming led to a dry, hot climate over much of Gondwana. Permian fusulines also developed a remarkable provincialism by which fusulines can be grouped into six domains. However, the Permian extinction at 252 Mya greatly impacted these insects in mass extinction, being the only mass extinction to affect insects. The millerettids, protorothyrids, and pareiasaurs became extinct in the late Permian period and the procolophonoids during the Triassic. One synapsid group, the pelycosaurs, included the largest and fiercest animals of the early Permian. Unambiguous moss fossils have been recovered from as early as the Permian of Antarctica and Russia, and a case is put forwards for Carboniferous mosses. The North Sea rift shows evidence of several separate rift phases from the Permian through to the Earliest Cretaceous, a period of over 100 million years. Locharbriggs is from the New Red Sandstone of the Permian age. The Ozark Plateau is a broad uplifted area which resulted from the Permian Ouachita Orogeny to the south in the states of Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Jurassic sediments are found only in small areas in SW Latvia, while the Cretaceous, Palaeogene and Neogene are absent. Lamprophyre dykes of Late Permian age are found throughout Orkney. Today some of the world's largest known potash deposits are spread all over the world from Saskatchewan, Canada, to Brazil, Belarus, Germany, and the Permian Basin. The western margin of the vale is composed of Permian Magnesian Limestone and further to the west are Carboniferous Millstone Grit and Coal Measures. Seismic profiles clearly image these strata continuing beneath a basal Permian unconformity into at least the western part of the Caernarfon Bay Basin. About the middle of the Permian a major transition in vegetation began. Show More Sentences The second deal will see Linn Energy selling its oil and gas resources in the Permian Basin based Wolfberry field to Fleur de Lis Energy LLC a private energy company. From the Pennsylvanian subperiod of the Carboniferous period until well into the Permian, the most successful insects were primitive relatives of cockroaches. Towards the very end of the Permian the first archosaurs appeared, a group that would give rise to the crurotarsans and the dinosaurs in the following period. The new technology, currently licensed by ASR to both Oxy Elk Hills and Oxy Permian, uses seismic wave stimulation technology to shake loose oil trapped in existing wells. Therapsids, a group of synapsids, descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. The Permian began with the Carboniferous flora still flourishing. During the upper part of the Carboniferous period, a marked decline in echinoid diversity occurred, and this trend continued to the Permian period. Producers in the Permian Basin in Texas are seeing great benefits as they treat and re-use produced and frac flow-back water nearer to the source of the production. Climate change caused the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse which fragmented this habitat, diminishing the diversity of plant life in the late Carboniferous and Permian. These include the Sherwood sandstones that occur beneath much of eastern Nottinghamshire, the Permian Lower Magnesian limestone and the carboniferous limestone in Derbyshire. Permian and Triassic strata overlie these older rocks in the east. There were extensive polar ice caps at intervals from 360 to 260 million years ago in South Africa during the Carboniferous and early Permian Periods. West and east of Doncaster the coal measures are overlain by younger rocks, permian limestone, where the area is referred to as the concealed coal field. Examples from Classical Literature A few years ago a Permian bed in Russia yielded a most interesting series of remains of synapsid reptiles. Its first section, the Triassic period, is at first a mere continuation of the Permian. Desert conditions, with confined inland seas, marked the Permian and Triassic periods. Still the Permian has some life features of its own, and we must now turn to these. Clearly it does, because the Permian rocks have evidently 327 not been disturbed thereby. Hence, uplift alone cannot account for extensive glaciation in subtropical latitudes during the Permian and Proterozoic. In the marls and sandstones of the Permian period there is also much gypsum. On the higher storey is the chapel of St Stephen the Permian. Physically, the transition from the Permian to the Trias is easy. Proreptilia are represented by the Permian genera Eryops and Cricotus. It was in these seas that the Permian strata were accumulated. The upper series is named the permian, from the province of perm in Russia. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with Permian What is the plural of Permian? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words permethrin permed permeation permeating permeates permeated permineralization permineralized permissable permissibility permissible permissibly