| In 642, Oswald was killed by the Mercians under Penda at the Battle of Maserfield. |
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| Cenwealh married Penda's daughter, and when he repudiated her, Penda again invaded and drove him into exile for some time, perhaps three years. |
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| In the early 640s Penda defeated and killed both Ecgric and Sigeberht, who was later venerated as a saint. |
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| Cadwallon ap Cadfan of the Kingdom of Gwynedd allied with Penda of Mercia to defeat Edwin of Northumbria. |
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| In any case, Penda and Cadwallon together made war against the Northumbrians. |
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| Alweo's father was Eowa, who may have shared the throne for some time with his brother, Penda of Mercia. |
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| The Annales Cambriae is the source for Eowa's death in 644 at the battle of Maserfield, where Penda defeated Oswald of Northumbria. |
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| The kingdom of Mercia, under Penda, became established around Lichfield, and initially established strong alliances with the Welsh kings. |
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| However, Oswiu killed Penda shortly after, and Mercia spent the rest of the 7th and all of the 8th century fighting the kingdom of Powys. |
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| Although Penda does not appear in Bede's list of great overlords it would appear from what Bede says elsewhere that he was dominant over the southern kingdoms. |
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| Penda is found ravaging Northumbria as far north as Bamburgh and only a miraculous intervention from Aidan prevents the complete destruction of the settlement. |
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| While many sources name Pyanda or Penda as the first known explorer of Lena, others start the account of Lena's exploration from Vasily Bugor's name. |
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| The current minister of the Namibian Military is Hon Penda YaNdakolo. |
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| It is possible that Eowa fought against Penda at Maserfield. |
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