For the next 1,300 years, a succession of Arab, Mameluke, and Ottoman caliphs, beys, and sultans ruled the country. |
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Michael Dummett proposes that the Mameluke cards originated from the Indian card game of Ganjifa. |
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For his bravery in battle the Pasha's brother presented him with a jeweled sword that was the model for the Mameluke sword that Marine officers carry to this very day. |
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Officers had the blue coat by 1909, now worn with a cloth belt, plus the 1839 sixteen-button mess jacket and 1825 Mameluke sword from the Barbary Wars. |
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The Mameluke court cards showed abstract designs not depicting persons. |
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He first smashed the native Mameluke army at the battle of the Pyramids on 21 July, and secured lower Egypt before leading an expedition in Syria against Turkish forces. |
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