| Development of the appropriate shapes of the vertebral bodies is regulated by HOX genes. |
|
| Some nonlethal regulatory mutations occur in HOX genes in humans, which can result in a cervical rib or polydactyly, an increase in the number of fingers or toes. |
|
| Hox genes have been isolated from a number of cnidarian species including hydra. |
|
| Across major phylogenetic comparisons, the evolution of Hox clusters generally parallels the evolution of axial complexity. |
|
| We have used experimental manipulation of chick embryos to test the causal role of Hox genes in patterning derivatives of the paraxial mesoderm. |
|
| Data from sponges, ctenophores, and cnidarians are providing a glimpse into the some of the earliest events in Hox evolution. |
|
| The Hox genes exert this influence by their action on the genes controlling the development of these structures. |
|
| Hox genes were discovered through the study of the fruit fly. |
|
| A great deal of the book is devoted to the role that Hox genes play in the diversification of animal form during animal development and evolution. |
|
| The earliest expression of Hox genes for these arthropods is in the already formed segmental anlage, in the presumptive position of the developing segment. |
|
| Hox evidence has also placed dicyemid mesozoans in the clade. |
|
| We have isolated and sequenced eight Hox genes from the freshwater triclad Girardia tigrina and three Hox and two ParaHox genes from the polyclad Discocelis tigrina. |
|
| This is caused by the evolution of their Hox genes, controlling limb morphogenesis. |
|
| Ctenophores and sponges are also the only known animal phyla that lack any true hox genes. |
|
| Early in snake evolution, the Hox gene expression in the axial skeleton responsible for the development of the thorax became dominant. |
|
| The Hox genes, for example, control which organs individual regions of an embryo will develop into. |
|
| Further probings revealed the existence of a clutch of master control genes, each directing the development of a section of body, which were dubbed homeotic or hox genes. |
|
| Hox paralog group 2 genes function to pattern structures derived from the hindbrain and pharyngeal arches in the developing heads of animal embryos. |
|
