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Present participle for to astound or surprise someone
“It would take her by surprise when a young woman appeared in front of her.”
Present participle for to do something (to someone) unexpectedly
“We must resort to the stratagem of keeping close to the enemy all through the game, with the hope of winning at the very finish by an unexpected spurt that will take them by surprise.”
Present participle for to bushwhack or catch unaware by hitting unexpectedly
Present participle for to (attempt to) grab or capture suddenly, especially by lunging at
Present participle for to attack someone, typically from a hidden position
Present participle for to chance upon someone doing something unexpected (and usually underhanded)
Present participle for to disturb the composure of
(of a feeling) Present participle for to affect (someone) suddenly and powerfully
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