“Most researchers have identified British reliance on fingerspelling as at least a precursor to oralism.”

“The first was published in 1908 by J. Schuyler Long, a principal at the Iowa School for the Deaf and an opponent of pure oralism.”

“The early twentieth century brought discord to the Deaf community in the form of oralism.”

“As schools faced the challenge of oralist policies, Deaf churches gained greater influence by promoting cohesion within the community.”

“But after the Congress of Milan on deaf education oralist approaches gradually became universal.”

“Closer to Jolas's oralist approach, the Irish actor Olwen Fouéré brought a chunk of it to the stage.”