“Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography can also be performed to demonstrate the patency of the common bile duct.”

“Intravenous cholangiography is rarely used now as opacification of the bile ducts is poor, particularly in jaundiced patients, and anaphylaxis remains a problem.”

“When necessary, colorful schematic illustrations and radiologic studies, including cholangiography, sonography, and computed tomography, have been added.”

“The patient underwent laparoscopic chole cystectomy, during which a cholangiogram was performed to rule out a common bile duct stone.”

“A cholangiogram can be performed intraoperatively to evaluate the hepatic and common bile ducts for filling defects and retained stones.”